8 research outputs found
Corpus Juris Canonici. Liber Sextus
No full textGrab. xil. en la portTexto a 2 colÍndice a 3 colTexto con apostillas marginalesSign.: A-2D(8), 2E(5), [5] hIndex a 3 co
Anogenital scent-marking signals fertility in a captive female Alaotran gentle lemur
Get PDF© in press The Author. Published by Frontiers Media. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.940707/fullThe Lake Alaotra gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) is one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world and shows low success rate in captive breeding programmes. It is therefore vital to further understand its reproductive biology. We studied a captive troop consisting of five individuals hosted at Jersey Zoo during breeding and non-breeding periods over one year. We collected behavioural data (n=318 hours) using all occurrences of some behaviours and ad libitum sampling methods, as well as faecal (n=54) and anogenital scent (n=35) samples of the breeding female. We measured sex hormone levels using enzyme immunoassay technique and investigated the volatile component of odour signals using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We observed sexual and aggressive behaviours occasionally during the breeding period. Our regression analysis showed that only period significantly predicted rates of female anogenital scent-marking, whereby the female performed anogenital scent-marking more frequently during the breeding rather than the non-breeding period. In contrast, female hormone levels did not significantly explain variation in rates of neither male nor female olfactory, sexual and affiliative behaviours, suggesting that individuals’ behaviour alone is not an effective indicator of the ovulation window. The volatile chemical profile of anogenital odour secretions changed over the study, with four compounds distinguishing the fertile window during the breeding period. In conclusion, our findings suggest that anogenital scent-marking may signal the reproductive status of captive female gentle lemurs.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 890341 to S.F. and S.V., and from the Primate Society of Great Britain’s 2021 Captive Care Grant Scheme to S.F. Lab work and publication fees were funded by the University of Wolverhampton’s Research Investment Fund (RIF) scheme – Phase 4 to S.
On the origin of phosphorus nitride in star-forming regions
Get PDFWe present multitransition observations of phosphorus nitride (PN) towards a sample of nine massive dense cores in different evolutionary stages. Using transitions with different excitation conditions, we have found for the first time that the excitation temperatures of PN are in the range ∼5-30 K. To investigate the main chemical route for the PN formation (surface-chemistry versus gas-phase chemistry), and the dominant desorption mechanism (thermal versus shock), we have compared our results with those obtained from molecules tracing different chemical and physical conditions (SiO, SO, CH3OH, and N2H+). We have found that the PN line profiles are very well correlated with those of SiO and SO in six out of the nine targets, which indicate that PN may be released by sputtering of dust grains due to shocks. This finding is corroborated by a faint but statistically significant positive trend between the PN abundance and those of SiO and SO. However, in three objects the PN lines have no hints of high-velocity wings, which indicates an alternative origin of PN. Overall, our results indicate that the origin of PN is not unique, as it can be formed not only in protostellar shocks, but also in colder and more quiescent gas through alternative pathways. © 2018 The Author(s)
Cultural heritage as a political instrument: The Terazije epizode
Get PDFU radu se prikazuju i analiziraju novinski tekstovi o Terazijskoj fontani (1927-1947) nastali tokom 1987. i 1988. godine kao istraživanje novinara koje je bilo obilato potpomognuto dokumentima, sećanjima i tumačenjima iz najšire javnosti. Sagledavaju se sa metodološkog stanovišta, od strategije potrage za fontanom preko utvrđivanja činjenica o njoj do vrednovanja, tumačenja u kulturnom kontekstu i pokušaja rekonstrukcije odnosno vraćanja u savremeni život. Sa teorijskog stanovišta, ova potraga objašnjava se kao primer upotrebe baštine u političke svrhe (u cilju promovisanja izmenjene ideologije i nove strategije političkog establišmenta). U konkretnom slučaju, karakteriše je nepoverenje prema institucijama kulture, nauci i pojedinim stručnjacima a služi kao uvod u kasnije (1989) dešavanje naroda na planu čitavog društva. U širem istorijskom kontekstu, shvata se kao jedan u nizu primera karakterističnog odnosa najšire javnosti prema umetnosti i prema nauci, koji otežava uspostavljanje kompetencije istorije umetnosti.The paper analyzes newspaper articles written towards the end of the 1980ies (1987-1988) about the so called Terazije fountain (which existed between 1927 and 1947 at the Terazije Square in the center of Belgrade, Serbia - not to be confused with the older Terazije fountain from 1860 that still stands). At first glance, this was an example of investigative journalism, where one searched for some lost (removed or destroyed) and 'forgotten' fountain, by using contemporary documents, photographs, recollections, eyewitnesses, etc. Speaking in terms of methodology, this investigation had a strategy to establish facts (descriptions of the fountain, chronology of its removal); to understand the fountain in its cultural and historical context and recognize the changes of its meaning and symbolism during 30ies, late 40ies and in the 80ies; to re-evaluate the fountain; to restore it as a piece of the national heritage and bring it back to the contemporary Belgrade. However, the investigation identified an enormous lack of knowledge in history, art history, architecture, urbanism, anthropology, technology, etc. It was carried out as a patchwork of anonymous comments, so the articles were inconsistent and displayed many controversies. The activity of the author therefore resembled pretty much the job of a moderator on the Internet-based forums or social networks. At the same time, opinions of experts and scientists were eliminated as irrelevant, their books considered as non-existing and cultural institutions as incompetent. The story of the fountain appears to be just a stone for a political stone soup; the point of the paper was to criticize the cultural policy, social policy, political leaders or the post-war basis of the socialist Yugoslavia and to promote a new ideology and a new political strategy that was fully introduced in the 90ies
The monitoring of the rights of the child: a child rights-based approach
No full textPhDDue to the lacunae between legal obligations to human rights and the actual situation,
monitoring is an essential component of the international and national human rights system.
Monitoring illuminates the situation of human rights commitments and ensures the relevancy
of instruments. The thesis explores monitoring in relation to the rights of the child and
submits that a child rights-based approach is essential. Monitoring should not only consider
the status and nature of child rights, but a child rights-based approach should also guide
efforts so that they improve as well as reflect and respect children's rights.
The study defines monitoring and describes a child rights-based approach. As a subject of
legal investigation, the thesis then addresses several questions. How do international and
national monitoring efforts respect child rights? How have the supervision of international
conference agreements supported child rights? Furthermore, how do different countries
monitor? National activities are examined through case studies of two Commonwealth
countries: Canada and South Africa. Then, analysis is presented about how actors interpret
and execute monitoring and the significance of different approaches. Lastly, the rationale,
challenges and existing support of a child rights-based approach are discussed. In sum, a
child rights-based approach is not generally utilised and the implications of child rights upon
the monitoring process are not yet realised. Most monitors, whether international, regional
or domestic, inadequately consider the demands of child rights upon the process of
ascertaining the situation of children's rights. Proposed guidelines are appended to support
a child rights-based approach to monitoring
Biobehavioural and cerebral hemodynamic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy individuals
No full textThe omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are a unique class of fatty acids that cannot be manufactured by the body, and must be acquired via dietary sources. In the UK, as well as in other Western nations, these ‘essential’ fatty acids are consumed in quantities that fall below government guidelines. This thesis examined the relationship between n-3 PUFAs and cognitive function and mood in healthy children (8-10 years) and adults (18-35 years), with a view to evaluate their efficacy for cognitive and mood enhancement in these populations. A second aim was to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on cerebral hemodynamics, a novel line of enquiry. Chapters 2 and 4 describe novel intervention studies that assessed the effects of n- 3 PUFA supplements on cognitive function and mood in healthy children and adults, respectively. In Chapter 3, the relationship between peripheral PUFA concentrations, a correlate of dietary PUFA intake, and cognitive and function and mood was examined for the first time in healthy adults. Chapter 5 describes a pilot trial in which Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging technique was applied to investigate the cerebral hemodynamic effects of n-3 PUFA supplements. The results of this study were explored in more detail in Chapter 6, with the additional inclusion of parallel cognitive measures. Most notably, the behavioural data from the intervention studies described herein do not support the use of n-3 PUFA supplements for cognitive and mood enhancement in healthy children and adults not consuming appreciable amounts of oily fish. However, the results do suggest that supplementation with dietary n-3 PUFAs has an impact on peripheral fatty acid status and cerebral hemodynamics in healthy adults. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in healthy, cognitively intact individuals, short-term use of n-3 PUFA supplements has a minimal effect on behaviour; the impact of long-term n-3 PUFA dietary intake or supplement use over the course of the entire lifespan on behaviour should be addressed further
Manipulación manual de de cargas pesadas, dolor lumbar, cambios degenerativos lumbares, respuesta inflamatoria y condición cardiorrespiratoria en una población de coteros de Manizales
No full textIlustraciones, fotos, gráficasspa:Introducción: El dolor lumbar es considerado un problema de salud pública de origen
multifactorial y con alta prevalencia en la población general. Frecuentemente se reporta en
trabajadores, deportistas y adultos mayores. Los factores de riesgo descritos en la literatura para
padecer dolor lumbar son la edad, la afectación de las estructuras vertebrales, la ocupación que
implique posturas forzadas o manipulación manual de cargas, la condición cardiorrespiratoria
deficiente o un elevado porcentaje de grasa corporal. El dolor lumbar de origen ocupacional, es
una de las principales causas de incapacidad, ausentismo laboral y consulta médica. Una causa
común de dolor lumbar de origen ocupacional es la degeneración discal lumbar con o sin
afectación de otras estructuras vertebrales, como las articulaciones facetarias y las placas
terminales cartilaginosas. Los procesos degenerativos lumbares se acompañan de procesos
biológicos como la inflamación, intentos de regeneración celular, angiogénesis y regulación de la
matriz extracelular. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar en una población de
coteros de la ciudad de Manizales, la prevalencia de dolor lumbar, los cambios degenerativos
lumbares, la respuesta inflamatoria y la condición cardiorrespiratoria asociados a la manipulación
de cargas pesadas.
Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, no experimental, transversal de tipo correlacional.
Una población de 102 coteros de la plaza de mercado la ciudad de Manizales fue invitada a
participar. Los criterios de inclusión para el estudio fueron: ser de sexo masculino, entre los 20 y
60 años de edad, con al menos un año en la ocupación como cotero realizando levantamiento de
cargas con un peso igual o superior a 40 kg, capacidad de realizar esfuerzo físico intenso con
aceptación y firma el consentimiento informado. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico
determinando una muestra de 58 sujetos que realizaron el proceso de evaluación para analizar las
siguientes variables: dolor lumbar por medio de una encuesta, cambios degenerativos lumbares
determinados por imágenes de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear lumbosacra de tipo simple,
respuesta inflamatoria determinada por la cuantificación mediante método ELISA de la citoquina
proinflamatoria IL1-β y antinflamatoria CCL5 RANTES, capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de acuerdo
al VO2max establecido con una prueba en cicloergómetro. El análisis estadístico se realizó de
acuerdo a categorías de edad y tiempo de ocupación en tres fases: análisis univariado para las
variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, bivariado estableciendo asociaciones entre las variables
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cualitativas, matrices de correlación entre las variables cuantitativas y pruebas de comparación de
medias para variables cualitativas y cuantitativas con una prueba post hoc (Test de Bonferroni).
Finalmente se realizó un análisis multivariado en el que se realizó un análisis correlacional (modelo
predictivo) y un análisis clúster. Los valores de p < 0.05 fueron considerados estadísticamente
significativos.
Resultados: La prevalencia de dolor lumbar en la población de coteros fue del 55.2%, con una
duración promedio de 5.1 años. Esta condición no se encontró asociada con la edad, sin embargo,
si se comprobó una asociación entre el dolor lumbar y el tiempo de ocupación en los sujetos que
llevan entre 1 y 10 años en la labor como coteros. El índice de levantamiento promedio para los
sujetos en una tarea simple de levantamiento fue 15.9 ±3.7. El índice de discapacidad de Oswestry
demostró que el 90.6% de los sujetos presentó una discapacidad mínima por dolor lumbar. Los
cambios anatómicos lumbares fueron analizados desde el punto de vista anatómico por la
afectación de los discos intervertebrales, las articulaciones facetarias y las placas terminales
cartilaginosas reportada en las imágenes de RMN. Se identificaron cambios degenerativos en todos
los discos intervertebrales en diferente grado y en las articulaciones facetarias principalmente en
los niveles L4 a S1, por otro lado, las placas terminales cartilaginosas se encontraron sanas en el
82.8% de los sujetos. La IL1-β se reportó en concentraciones negativas en el 91% de los
participantes, mientras que la concentración de CCL5 RANTES demostró concentraciones
positivas en el 100% de los sujetos dentro de los rangos reportados por estudios similares. La
condición cardiorrespiratoria es deficiente en casi la totalidad de los sujetos. Se pudo demostrar
que la variable que mejor relación lineal tiene con el VO2max es el contenido de grasa corporal, por
lo que se propuso un modelo predictivo de VO2max para los sujetos que realizan manipulación
manual de cargas pesadas. Al realizar el análisis multivariado tipo clúster se encontraron dos
grupos de sujetos con características similares. El grupo de los sujetos de mayor edad conformado
por 26 sujetos, quienes reportaron mayor tiempo en la ocupación, menor capacidad
cardiorrespiratoria, tendencia al sobrepeso en su IMC y con mayor afectación en la unidad
vertebral. Un segundo grupo conformado por 32 sujetos mas jóvenes, con menor tiempo en la
ocupación como coteros, mejor condición cardiorrespiratoria y daños leves a moderados en la
unidad vertebral.
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Discusión: La prevalencia de dolor lumbar en coteros (55.2%) es inferior a la descrita en la
literatura para trabajadores en el área de la salud que alcanza el 69%, según lo descrito por García
(2014), (1) y 72% según los descrito por Mroczek en 2020 (2). El índice de levantamiento (IL)
descrito por Muraca (2007) para porteros hoteleros de sexo masculino, es muy inferior al reportado
por los coteros, 5 y 15.9 respectivamente. La discapacidad generada por dolor lumbar es mínima
o ninguna en el 90.6% en la población de coteros, muy diferente a lo reportado por Mroczek (2020)
que demostró discapacidad moderada a severa en enfermeros y paramédicos con una particular
afectación de la calidad de vida. La edad no se asocia con la prevalencia de dolor lumbar y en este
grupo poblacional los sujetos mayores de 46 años son los que reportaron menor prevalencia de
esta condición (15%), mientras que Alhowimel (2022), demostró que los adultos de sexo
masculino entre 35 y 55 años, son mucho más propensos al dolor lumbar que los niños y
adolescentes (3).
Recomendaciones: De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, se sugiere: a)
realizar nuevos estudios con un mayor número de participantes y comparativo con otros grupos
poblacionales; b) diseñar una escala de medición funcional de la discapacidad por dolor lumbar
específica para sujetos que levantan cargas pesadas; c) considerar otros métodos diagnósticos y
biomarcadores como la electromiografía de superficie, la resonancia magnética dinámica o una de
mayor resolución; d) validar las hipótesis y modelo predictivo resultante en nuevos estudios.eng:Introduction: Low back pain is considered a public health problem with multifactorial origin and
high prevalence in the general population. This condition is reported in workers, athletes, and older
adultsfrequently. The risk factors described in the literature for low back pain are age, involvement
of vertebral structures, an occupation that involves forced postures or manual handling of loads,
poor cardiorespiratory condition, or a high percentage of body fat. Occupational low back pain is
one of the main causes of disability, absenteeism from work, and medical consultation. A common
cause of occupational low back pain is lumbar disc degeneration with or without the involvement
of other vertebral structures, such as facet joints and cartilaginous endplates. Lumbar degenerative
processes are accompanied by biological processes such as inflammation, attempts at cell
regeneration, angiogenesis, and regulation of the extracellular matrix. The main objective of this
study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain, lumbar degenerative changes,
inflammatory response, and cardiorespiratory conditions associated with handling heavy loads in
a population of coteros in the city of Manizales.
Methodology: This is a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational study. A
population of 102 coteros from the market square of Manizales was invited to participate. The
inclusion criteria for the study were: being male, between 20 and 60 years old, with at least one
year in the occupation as a cotero lifting loads with a weight equal to or greater than 40 kg, ability
to perform intense physical effort with acceptance and signing of the informed consent. A
probabilistic sampling was carried out determining a sample of 58 subjects who underwent the
evaluation process to analyze the following variables: low back pain by means of a survey, lumbar
degenerative changes determined by simple lumbosacral Magnetic Resonance Imaging images,
inflammatory response determined by the quantification by ELISA method of the proinflammatory cytokine IL1-β and anti-inflammatory CCL5 RANTES, cardiorespiratory capacity
according to the VO2max established with a cycloergometer test. The statistical analysis was
carried out according to categories of age and time of occupation in three phases: univariate
analysis for qualitative and quantitative variables, bivariate analysis establishing associations
between qualitative variables, correlation matrices between quantitative variables and tests of
comparison of means for qualitative and quantitative variables with a post hoc test (Bonferroni
test). Finally, a multivariate analysis was performed in which a correlational analysis (predictive
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model) and a cluster analysis were performed. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically
significant.
Results: The prevalence of low back pain in coteros population was 55.2%, with an average
duration of 5.1 years. This condition was not found to be associated with age, however, an
association between low back pain and occupation time was found in subjects who have been
working as coteros for between 1 and 10 years. The average lifting rate for subjects on a simple
lifting task was 15.9 ±3.7. The Oswestry Disability Index showed that 90.6% of the subjects had
minimal disability due to low back pain. Lumbar anatomical changes were analyzed from the
anatomical point of view by the involvement of the intervertebral discs, facet joints and
cartilaginous endplates reported in the MRI images. Degenerative changes were identified in all
intervertebral discs to different degrees and in facet joints mainly at levels L4 to S1, on the other
hand, cartilaginous endplates were found healthy in 82.8% of the subjects. IL1-β was reported at
negative concentrations in 91% of participants, while CCL5 RANTES concentration demonstrated
positive concentrations in 100% of subjects within the ranges reported by similar studies.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is deficient in almost all subjects. It was possible to demonstrate that the
variable with the best linear relationship with VO2max is body fat content, so a predictive model of
VO2max was proposed for subjects who perform manual handling of heavy loads. When performing
the cluster-type multivariate analysis, two groups of subjects with similar characteristics were
found. The group of older subjects made up of 26 subjects, who reported longer time in occupation,
lower cardiorespiratory capacity, tendency to overweight in their BMI and with greater
involvement in the vertebral unit. A second group consisted of 32 younger subjects, with less time
in the occupation as coteros, better cardiorespiratory fitness and mild to moderate damage to the
vertebral unit.
Discussion: The prevalence of low back pain in coteros (55.2%) is lower than that described in
the literature for health workers, which reaches 69%, as described by García (2014), (1) and 72%
as described by Mroczek in 2020 (2). The lifting index (IL) described by Muraca (2007) for male
hotel porters is much lower than that reported by coteros, 5 and 15.9 respectively. Disability caused
by low back pain is minimal or none in 90.6% of the population of coteros, very different from
what was reported by Mroczek (2020) who demonstrated moderate to severe disability in nurses
and paramedics with a particular impact on quality of life. Age is not associated with the
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prevalence of low back pain and in this population group, subjects over 46 years of age are the
ones who reported the lowest prevalence of this condition (15%), while Alhowimel (2022), showed
that male adults between 35 and 55 years of age are much more prone to low back pain than
children and adolescents (3).
Recommendations: According to the results obtained in this study, it is suggested: a) to carry out
new studies with a greater number of participants and comparison with other population groups;
b) design a functional scale for measuring disability due to low back pain specific to subjects who
lift heavy loads; c) consider other diagnostic methods and biomarkers such as surface
electromyography, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging or a higher resolution one; d) validate
the hypotheses and resulting predictive model in new studies.Introducción / SECCIÓN I. ASPECTOS BIOMÉDICOS / Capítulo 1. Manipulación manual de cargas pesadas (MMC) / 1.1 Descripción de las tareas de MMC realizadas por los coteros / Capítulo 2. Dolor lumbar / Capítulo 3. Cambios degenerativos lumbares y respuesta inflamatoria / 3.1 Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) / 3.2 Cambios degenerativos lumbares / 3.3 Respuesta inflamatoria / 3.4 Interleuquina 1- beta (IL-1β) / 3.5 Quimiocina CCL5-RANTES / 3.6 Inmunoensayo Enzimático ligado a Enzimas (ELISA) / Capítulo 4. Condición cardiorrespiratoria / SECCIÓN II. ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS / Capítulo 5. Consideraciones metodológicas / 5.1 Objetivo general / 5.2 Objetivos específicos / 5.3 Hipótesis / 5.4 Aspectos éticos / 5.5 Diseño del estudio / 5.6 Análisis estadístico / 5.7 Aspectos técnicos / 5.8 Pruebas de laboratorio / 5.9 Almacenamiento y manejo de muestras / 5.10 Prueba VIH / 5.11 Análisis de citoquinas / 5.12 Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) / 5.13 Prueba de cicloergómetro (V̇ O2max) / SECCIÓN III. RESULTADOS, DISCUSIÓN, CONCLUSIONES, RECOMENDACIONES, LIMITACIONES DEL ESTUDIO / Capítulo 6. Resultados / 6.1 Prevalencia de dolor lumbar / 6.2 Cambios anatómicos lumbares / 6.3 Respuesta inflamatoria / 6.4 Consumo máximo de oxígeno (V̇ O2max) / 6.5 Asociación entre las variables / 6.6 Análisis correlacional (Modelo Predictivo V̇ O2max) / 6.7 Análisis Clúster / 6.8 Análisis de correlación entre variables cuantitativas / Capítulo 7. Discusión / Capítulo 8. Conclusiones y recomendaciones / 8.1 Conclusiones / 8.2 Recomendaciones / Capítulo 9. Limitaciones del estudio / MECANISMOS DE SOCIALIZACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS / REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS ANEXOSDoctoradoDoctor(a) en Ciencias Biomédica
