1,721,018 research outputs found
Principles and Developments of General Average: Statutory and Contractual Loss Allowances from the Lex Rhodia to the Early Modern Mediterranean
Full text linkIn the Tractatus de Avariis (1617), Quintin Weytsen begins his explanation with a definition that was destined to become the classic one: ‘Average is the common contribution of the things found in the ship in order to make good the damage voluntarily inflicted upon items, whether belonging to merchants or the ship, to the end that lives, ship, and the remaining goods should escape unscathed’. Average is the contribution that should compensate the damage sponte illatum (voluntarily inflicted). The problem is that while ‘voluntary’ is a straightforward idea in the abstract, it is much more complicated to establish concretely in a situation at sea
Andrea Addobbati, Roberto Bizzocchi, Gregorio Salinero (dir), L'Italia dei cognomi, L'antroponimia italiana nel quadro mediterraneo, Pisa University Press, 2013, p. 646 p.
No full textLe recueil d'essais publié par Andrea Addobbati, Roberto Bizzocchi et Gregorio Salinero compte parmi les premiers résultats d'un intéressant projet de recherche concernant le domaine de l'onomastique. Ce projet a été coordonné par l'Université de Pise, en partenariat également avec l'Université Paris I, l’Université d’Estrémadure et l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales de Paris. Une aventure de recherche inédite et passionnante qui a impliqué – au cours des dernières années – de no..
General Average and Risk Management in Medieval and Early Modern Maritime Business
Full text linkThis open access book explores the history of risk management in medieval and early modern European maritime business, focusing particularly on 'General Average' – a mechanism by which extraordinary expenses regarding ship or cargo, incurred during a voyage to save the venture, are shared between all participants to protect equity. This volume traces the history of this risk management tool from its origins in the pre-Roman Mediterranean through to its use in the shipping sector today. Contributions range from the Islamic Mediterranean to the Low Countries, and taken together, provide a wide-ranging analysis of social, cultural, and political aspects of pre-modern maritime commerce in Europe
"Progetto per spurgare lo Stato dei soggetti viziosi ed incorreggibili": amministrare la criminalità nella Livorno del Regno d'Etruria
No full textGrazie a un documento inedito del 1803 redatto dall'allora governatore per il Regno d'Etruria de Lavillette e dal cancelliere criminale Pietro Fabroni, è possibile ricostruire un quadro esaustivo dei criminali all'epoca presenti a Livorno, seppur provenienti da tutta la Toscana, e classificati in tre categorie di diversa pericolosità, con brevi note personali e alcune osservazioni aggiuntive. Ne emergeva un crudo ma efficace ritratto dei gruppi sociali più emarginati e problematici della realtà livornese, consentendo inoltre di verificare empiricamente le vie di intervento della giustizia e le misure adottate dagli amministratori locali quali efficaci deterrenti per ridurre la criminalità.Thanks to an unpublished document written in 1803 by de Lavillette, then governor for the Kingdom of Etruria, and Pietro Fabroni, a criminal clerk, it is possible to piece together a comprehensive picture of the criminals who were present in Livorno at that time. The document divided the criminals – who actually came from all over Tuscany – into three categories based on their dangerousness, and included some basic personal information as well as additional observations. What emerges is a crude yet effective depiction of the marginalized and problematic social groups that were living in Livorno. In addition, it is possible to conduct an empirical examination of both the ways the justice system intervened and the measures taken by local officials to deter crime effectively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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