129 research outputs found
Dionysius thrax vs marcus varro
No full textSummary
This article critically assesses how Dionysius and Varro differ with respect to particular matters of linguistic theory and practice. It emphasizes the absence of declensions in Dionysius’ Téchnē (and in subsequent Greek grammar), his inability to distinguish between derivation and inflection, and the confusion – both conceptual and descriptive – in his account of conjugation, all of which are topics that Varro addresses elegantly and with linguistic sophistication. Dionysius therefore compares unfavorably with Varro in these respects, and the author concludes, suggestively, that Varro is responsible for transforming the Alexandrian word-class system of grammar into the word-and-paradigm system that is the Roman ars grammatica.</jats:p
Marcus Terentius Varro - de lingua Latina liber decimus: translation and brief comment
No full textMarcus Terentius Varro :de lingua latina liber decimusÜbersetzung und KurzkommentarDiese Diplomarbeit, verfasst unter obigem Titel, lässt sich im Wesentlichen auf vier Bereiche einschränken. Einerseits wird die Übersetzung des zehnten Buches aus de lingua latina ins Deutsche geleistet, andererseits werden formale und inhaltliche, diesen Text betreffende Probleme in einem kurzen Kommentar verarbeitet. Dieser wird dem Progress des zehnten Buches entsprechend präsentiert und hat einen argumentationstheoretischen Fokus. Für das Verständnis des Textes wird die Möglichkeit der historischen Kontextualisierung durch eine Einleitung geboten. Darüberhinaus wird eine conclusio am Ende der Arbeit neue Forschungsergebnisse vorstellen, die sich durch genaues Studium am Text in Auseinandersetzung mit Sekundärliteratur ergeben haben.Marcus Terentius Varro, ein römischer Universalgelehrter aus dem ersten Jahrhundert vor Christus, gilt als Verfasser des in drei große Segmente gegliederten Werkes de lingua latina und beschäftigt sich darin mit einer Trias der lateinischen Grammatik: Etymologie, Morphologie und Syntax. Das zehnte Buch ist der Abschluss des theoretischen Teils über die Formenlehre.Nachdem in der Einleitung das sprachliche Lehrgut, das Varro in de lingua latina zur Schau trägt, besprochen und mit dem Griechischen in Verbindung gesetzt wird, stellt sich die Frage nach Varros Eigenleistung, denn er präsentiert die früheste uns erhaltene, zusammenhängende Darstellung der lateinischen Grammatik auf der methodischen Grundlage der Analogie. Ob diese Leistung auf einer systematischen Intention fußt, kann in der vorliegenden Arbeit beantwortet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang kann eine moderne Interpretation von Varros grammatischem ?Gebäude? anhand ihrer eigenen Vorausetzungen widerlegt und korrigiert werden, sodass die meisten intratextuellen Probleme, die sich beim Studium des zehnten Buches offenbaren, als gelöst gelten sollen.Marcus Terentius Varro :de lingua latina liber decimusTranslation and brief commentThis diploma thesis under the title mentioned above can be divided into four main parts. Not only does it provide a translation of the tenth book of de lingua latina into German, but also a brief comment on formal and textual issues concerning this text. This commentary follows the course of the tenth book and focuses on theoretical argumentation. The introduction is a means to allow for understanding of the text and historical contextualisation, which, besides the commentary, integrates an intertextual discourse. Moreover, the conclusion at the end of the paper reveals new research results, which, by carefully reading the text and using secondary literature sources, came out in the course of the work.Marcus Terentius Varro (first century BC), being a widely educated man, is considered the author of the text de lingua latina, which can be divided into three major segments, in which he discusses a triad of Latin grammar: etymology as a source of grammatical forms, morphology and syntax. The tenth book concludes the theoretic section of morphology.The discussion of the linguistic theories being shown by Varro in de lingua latina and the association with the Greek language lead to the question of Varro?s personal contribution to the issue, as he is a pioneer in giving a coherent description of Latin grammar on the basis of a methodical approach of analogy. The question, if this is the result of the writers? systematic intention, is partly answered in this paper. In this respect, a modern interpretation of Varro?s grammatical ?construction? can be disproved and revised due to its own presuppositions, so that most intratextual problems, which were disclosed while reading the tenth book, can basically be seen as solved.vorgelegt von Fabian WegerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 201
Marcus Terentius Varro - de lingua Latina liber decimus: translation and brief comment
No full textMarcus Terentius Varro :de lingua latina liber decimusÜbersetzung und KurzkommentarDiese Diplomarbeit, verfasst unter obigem Titel, lässt sich im Wesentlichen auf vier Bereiche einschränken. Einerseits wird die Übersetzung des zehnten Buches aus de lingua latina ins Deutsche geleistet, andererseits werden formale und inhaltliche, diesen Text betreffende Probleme in einem kurzen Kommentar verarbeitet. Dieser wird dem Progress des zehnten Buches entsprechend präsentiert und hat einen argumentationstheoretischen Fokus. Für das Verständnis des Textes wird die Möglichkeit der historischen Kontextualisierung durch eine Einleitung geboten. Darüberhinaus wird eine conclusio am Ende der Arbeit neue Forschungsergebnisse vorstellen, die sich durch genaues Studium am Text in Auseinandersetzung mit Sekundärliteratur ergeben haben.Marcus Terentius Varro, ein römischer Universalgelehrter aus dem ersten Jahrhundert vor Christus, gilt als Verfasser des in drei große Segmente gegliederten Werkes de lingua latina und beschäftigt sich darin mit einer Trias der lateinischen Grammatik: Etymologie, Morphologie und Syntax. Das zehnte Buch ist der Abschluss des theoretischen Teils über die Formenlehre.Nachdem in der Einleitung das sprachliche Lehrgut, das Varro in de lingua latina zur Schau trägt, besprochen und mit dem Griechischen in Verbindung gesetzt wird, stellt sich die Frage nach Varros Eigenleistung, denn er präsentiert die früheste uns erhaltene, zusammenhängende Darstellung der lateinischen Grammatik auf der methodischen Grundlage der Analogie. Ob diese Leistung auf einer systematischen Intention fußt, kann in der vorliegenden Arbeit beantwortet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang kann eine moderne Interpretation von Varros grammatischem ?Gebäude? anhand ihrer eigenen Vorausetzungen widerlegt und korrigiert werden, sodass die meisten intratextuellen Probleme, die sich beim Studium des zehnten Buches offenbaren, als gelöst gelten sollen.Marcus Terentius Varro :de lingua latina liber decimusTranslation and brief commentThis diploma thesis under the title mentioned above can be divided into four main parts. Not only does it provide a translation of the tenth book of de lingua latina into German, but also a brief comment on formal and textual issues concerning this text. This commentary follows the course of the tenth book and focuses on theoretical argumentation. The introduction is a means to allow for understanding of the text and historical contextualisation, which, besides the commentary, integrates an intertextual discourse. Moreover, the conclusion at the end of the paper reveals new research results, which, by carefully reading the text and using secondary literature sources, came out in the course of the work.Marcus Terentius Varro (first century BC), being a widely educated man, is considered the author of the text de lingua latina, which can be divided into three major segments, in which he discusses a triad of Latin grammar: etymology as a source of grammatical forms, morphology and syntax. The tenth book concludes the theoretic section of morphology.The discussion of the linguistic theories being shown by Varro in de lingua latina and the association with the Greek language lead to the question of Varro?s personal contribution to the issue, as he is a pioneer in giving a coherent description of Latin grammar on the basis of a methodical approach of analogy. The question, if this is the result of the writers? systematic intention, is partly answered in this paper. In this respect, a modern interpretation of Varro?s grammatical ?construction? can be disproved and revised due to its own presuppositions, so that most intratextual problems, which were disclosed while reading the tenth book, can basically be seen as solved.vorgelegt von Fabian WegerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 201
"Cum poeticis multis uerbis magis delecter quam utar". Poetic citations and etymological enquiry in Varro’s De lingua Latina
No full textThe high number of poetic citations contained in the surviving books of Varro’s "De lingua Latina" are relevant not only as mostly unique attestations of latin arcaic poetry, but also for the special place they hold within Varro’s linguistic treatise. Varro had the intention of going beyond the “second level of etymological explanation” ("secundus gradus etymologiae"), which was limited to poetic neologisms, and to deal with poetic words not necessarily as used only by poets but rather as found in poetic texts. Varro’s interest in poetic words seems to be stimulated in particular by their antiquity, but poetic texts, owing to the authority they possess, can be used also to explain words in common usage. The complete analysis of the citations shows that the drama is best represented, but there are also many epic quotations, and Varro cites prevalently from archaic or late-archaic authors. The poet most cited in "De lingua Latina" is without any doubt Ennius (Varro can ben considered one of the major supporters of the fame of Ennius), followed by Plautus, even from non-canonical comedies - not suprisingly, given Varro’s predilection for this author. Traces are brought out from the arrangement of the examples due to the alphabetical ordering of the titles of Plautus’ comedies and it is suggested the use of scholarly material that was unrelated to the problem of authenticity of the comedies. The poetic citations are mostly concentrated in Book 7, which is dedicated specifically to studying the etymology of poetic words; however many poetic citations are also found in the other two etymological books because of the non-exclusive use of certain words by the poets their authority and antiquity. It is noteworthy that not only the frequency but also the use and purpose of poetic citations differs between Books 5–6 and 7. Varro seems to have been influenced by the methods and results of previous generations of Roman philologists, but his purpose was clearly to "go Beyond" the methods of grammatica antiqua
Ad impellendum satis, ad edocendum parum. Note sul presunto elogio di Varrone ovvero sull'elogio menippeo in Ac. 1,9
No full textThis paper proposes an alternative reading of the praise addressed by Cicero to Varro in Ac.1 9, interpreting the passage not litteratim but in a Menippean key. The author seems to take this dedication to Varro as a literary and philosophical
challenge — a reading for which there are other clues in the dedicatory letter and in the Letters to Atticus. The initial reticence of Varro’s character resembles that attributed by Szlezák to Socrates in the Euthydemus: before being Cicero encourages and seeks to initiate Varro to serious philosophical writing, Varro’s character is reluctant, reactionary. The final observation ad impellendum satis, ad edocendum parum of Varro’s eulogy would be a fulmen in clausula, used
by the author to emphasize how Varro had yet to prove himself as a philosophical author, particularly one engaged in the ethics learned from his teacher Antiochus. Therefore through his Varro Cicero had already tacitly and rightly affirmed
his victory over Varro
A Unifying Semantic Framework for Multilevel Metamodeling
No full textAs the revision process of UML attempts to re-architecture the single and imprecise language into a family of languages with well--defined semantics, the nature of the core metamodeling framework is of growing importance. In the current paper, a formal mathematical background is presented for a uniform representation of multilevel metamodels and static well--formedness constraints supported by a verification method for checking the correctness of model refinement steps. We demonstrate that the mathematical framework is rich enough to formally capture many state--of--the--art metamodeling techniques including deep instantiation, structural extension, type restriction, package inheritance and multilevel metamodeling, which makes it feasible for providing a common mathematical basis for comparing and developing metamodeling approaches of engineering interest
UML Action Semantics for Model Tranformation Systems
No full textThe Action Semantics for UML provides a standard and platform independent way to describe the behavior of methods and executable actions in object-oriented system design prior to implementation allowing the development of highly automated and optimized code generators for UML CASE tools. Model transformation systems provide visual but formal background to specify arbitrary transformations in the Model Driven Architecture (the leading trend in software engineering). In the current paper, we describe a general encoding of model transformation systems as executable Action Semantics expressions to provide a standard way for automatically generating the implementation of formal (and provenly correct) transformations by off-the-shelf MDA tools. In addition, we point out a weakness in the Action Semantics standard that must be improved to achieve a stand-alone and functionally complete action specification language
Ego, unus scilicet antiquorum hominum : meaning of the past and antiquarianism in Varro
No full textCette thèse porte sur une étude des œuvres et des fragments de l’écrivain romain Varron et vise à examiner les intentions dans lesquelles et la façon dont cet érudit se rapportait au passé et à la mémoire collective romaine. Ses recherches sur le passé de Rome semblent motivées et poussées par un contexte de bouleversements socio-politiques et par la révolution culturelle qui eut lieu à la fin de la République (IIe-Ier siècles av. J.-C.). Dans ce moment-là le mos maiorum n’était plus unanimement accepté comme modèle à imiter. Nous avons mis en évidence le conséquent effort de l’auteur pour démontrer l’importance des valeurs civils et moraux, contenus dans le passé ancien de Rome et comparables, selon lui, aux principes éthiques développés par la réflexion philosophique grecque. Son étude du passé visait à rappeler ces valeurs, les boni mores, aux citoyens dont la crise morale avait un reflet dans la crise de la res publica.Comme Cicéron, il semble trouver les causes de cette décadence dans une crise de la mémoire et l’oublie des Romains, qui avec le temps (vetustas) avaient commencé à connaitre seulement superficiellement leur tradition, sans être plus capables d’en mettre en pratique les exempla. Par conséquent, Varron, en ayant examiné les mécanismes du temps et de la mémoire, concevait sa pratique « antiquaire » sur l’histoire et sur les institutions politiques et religieuses de Rome comme réponse à la crise (ruina) de son époque. Grâce à ses compétences étymologiques-antiquaires mais aussi philosophiques, l’érudit arriva à se présenter et à être présenté comme fin connaisseur, interprète et même porte-parole de l’antiquitas. En dépit de la conscience d’être considéré démodé par ses contemporaines, Varron s’efforçait de redéfinir la tradition afin qu’il puisse créer des lieux de mémoire qui auraient toujours rappelés les mores antiqui et l’identité romaine.The thesis studies Varro’s works in connection with the contemporary crisis of tradition, the mos (maiorum), which at the end of the Roman Republic was not perceived anymore unanimously as a model to imitate. The purpose is to stress how the author attempted to give evidence of the importance of civil and moral values which were contained in Roman ancient past and which were allegedly equal to the ethics principles developed by Greek philosophy. Thus the past is studied by Varro in order to remind these values to his citizens, whose moral crisis reflects the crisis of the respublica. Like Cicero, he seems to hold responsible for this decadence a crisis of memory and the consequent oblivion: with the passing of time (vetustas) Romans have kept just a superficial notion of their traditions, without being able to follow their exempla in practice. Therefore, after considering the functioning of time and memory, Varro seems to conceive his own antiquarian erudition, applied to Roman history and to its civic and religious institutions, as a response to the ruin (ruina) of his age. The object of the thesis is thus to analyze this antiquarian attitude attested in almost every varronian work and its political meaning. Thanks to his ability to rediscover and prove many philosophical and religious truths through etymology, the author seems to proclaim him-self (and eventually to become) a spokesman and a witness of the antiquitas. Despite his awareness of being regarded by many of his contemporaries as antiquated and quaint, Varro strives to redefine tradition in order to create some lieux de mémoire that would always evoke the mores antiqui and roman identit
Ad impellendum satis, ad edocendum parum. Note sul presunto elogio di Varrone ovvero sull’elogio menippeo in Ac.1 9
No full textThis paper proposes an alternative reading of the praise addressed by Cicero to Varro in Ac.1 9, interpreting the passage not litteratim but in a Menippean key. The author seems to take this dedication to Varro as a literary and philosophicalchallenge — a reading for which there are other clues in the dedicatory letter and in the Letters to Atticus. The initial reticence of Varro’s character resembles that attributed by Szlezák to Socrates in the Euthydemus: before being Cicero encourages and seeks to initiate Varro to serious philosophical writing, Varro’s character is reluctant, reactionary. The final observation ad impellendum satis, ad edocendum parum of Varro’s eulogy would be a fulmen in clausula, usedby the author to emphasize how Varro had yet to prove himself as a philosophical author, particularly one engaged in the ethics learned from his teacher Antiochus. Therefore through his Varro Cicero had already tacitly and rightly affirmedhis victory over Varro. Cet article propose une hypothèse alternative sur le célèbre éloge adressé par Cicéron à Varron dans Ac.1 9, interprété ici non pas litteratim mais dans une clé ménippéenne. L’auteur semble considérer la dédicace du Varro comme un défi littéraire et philosophique, dont il existe d’autres indices dans la lettre de dédicace et dans les Lettres adressées à Atticus. La réticence initiale du personnage de Varron rappelle celle que Szlezák attribue à Socrate dans l’Euthydème : avant d’être encouragé et initié par Cicéron à l’écriture philosophique sérieuse, le personnage de Varron est réticent, réactionnaire. L’observation finale ad impellendum satis, ad edocendum parum de l’éloge redondant de Varron serait un fulmen in clausula, pour souligner comment l’antagoniste n’avait pas encore donné de preuve sérieuse de sa position philosophique du point de vue éthique, appris d’Antiochus. Par conséquent Cicéron affirme tacitement et à juste titre, à travers son Varro, sa victoire sur Varron.Il presente lavoro propone un’ipotesi alternativa sul famoso elogio rivolto da Cicerone a Varrone in Ac.1 9, qui interpretato non litteratim, ma in chiave menippea. L’autore sembra intendere la dedica a Varrone come una sfida letteraria e filosofica, di cui esistono altri indizi nella lettera dedicatoria e nelle Lettere ad Attico. La reticenza iniziale del personaggio-Varrone ricorda quella attribuita da Szlezák a Socrate nell’Eutidemo: prima di essere incoraggiato e avviato da Cicerone alla scrittura filosofica seria, il personaggio-Varrone è riluttante, reazionario. L’osservazione finale ad impellendum satis, ad edocendum parum del ridondante elogio di Varrone sarebbe un fulmen in clausula, per sottolineare come l’antagonista non avesse ancora dato seria prova della sua posizione filosofica sul versante etico, appresa da Antioco. Pertanto, attraverso il suo Varro, Cicerone afferma tacitamente e giustamente la sua vittoria su Varrone
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