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FIGURE 3 in Gynocladius scalpellosus n. gen., n. sp. from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
No full textFIGURE 3. Gynocladius scalpellosus sp. n., pupa. A, cephalothorax (lateral); B, tergites (setae on segments I–II, omitted); C, anal lobe (ventral view).Published as part of Mendes, H. F., Saether, O. A. & Andrade-Morraye, M., 2005, Gynocladius scalpellosus n. gen., n. sp. from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 979 on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17135
Gynocladius Mendes, Saether & Andrade-Morraye, 2005, new genus
No full textGynocladius new genus Type species: Gynocladius scalpellosus new species, by present designation. Diagnostic characters: The female imagines are separable from all other known orthoclads by the combination of hairy wings with bare squama; straight Cu 1 and strongly extended costa; scutum with median group of strongly scalpellate acrostichals; gonapophysis VIII with well developed, brushlike ventrolateral lobe and large dorsomesal lobe; tergite IX undivided; and seminal capsules large with strongly sclerotised, triangular neck. The pupa is distinguished by lacking thoracic horns and anal lobe fringe; spines present posteriorly on tergites II–VIII and sternites III(IV)–VII; and subequal macrosetae on spined tubercles about half as long as the anal lobe. The larva has plumose S I; premandible with 3 apical teeth; 5 segmented antenna with blade much longer than flagellum; mentum with single median tooth, 5 pairs of lateral teeth and reduced ventromental plates; and minute procerci with reduced anal setae. Etymology: From Greek gyne, meaning female, referring to the parthenogenesis, and “cladius”, a common ending among orthoclads. Female imago: Small species; wing length about 0.9 mm. Eye bare, rounded, no dorsomedian elongation. Antenna with 5 flagellomeres and long, simple sensilla chaeticae on each, without stiff apical seta. Palpomeres well developed; third palpomere with 1 lanceolate sensilla clavata. Temporals consisting of few inner and outer verticals and postorbitals. Tentorium very narrow. Cibarial pump with concave anterior margin and strongly diverging cornua. Clypeus broad, with numerous setae. Antepronotal lobes collarlike, slightly narrowed medially, with few lateral setae. About 8 short median, distinctly scalpellate acrostichals; several dorsocentrals, unibiserial anteriorly, uniserial posteriorly; few prealars; supraalar absent. Scutellum with few transversely uniserial setae. Wing without anal lobe; all cells with setae, with fine punctation; costa strongly extended, reaching near apex of wing; R 4 + 5 ending distal to apex of M 3 + 4; R 2 + 3 ending in middle between R 1 and R 4 + 5; VR about 1.4; Cu 1 straight; postcubitus ending far distal to cubital fork; anal vein ending beyond cubital fork. Brachiolum with 1 seta, subcosta bare, other veins with numerous setae. Squama bare. Sensilla campaniformia about 8 basally and 8 apically on brachiolum, 3 below setae on brachiolum; 1 present basally on subcosta, and 1 on RM. Front leg ratio about 0.7. Spurs well developed; hind tibial comb normally developed. Pseudospurs absent, sensilla chaeticae not observed. Pulvilli absent. Tergites with few median and lateral setae. Female genitalia with well developed gonocoxite with several short and several long setae. Coxosternapodeme straight laterally, curved medially, connected basal of vagina. Tergite IX undivided, with several setae. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus of moderate size. Gonapophysis VIII divided into brushlike ventrolateral lobe and large dorsomedian lobe. Apodeme lobe relatively conspicuous. Seminal capsules larger than cerci, ovoid, pale anteriorly, with very large, triangular, dark sclerotised neck. Spermathecal ducts curved close to seminal capsule and common opening. Labia without microtrichiae. Pupa: Small, about 1.5 mm long. Exuviae nearly transparent with anal lobe projections slightly darkened. Cephalothorax. Frontal setae absent. Cephalic area smooth. Ocular field apparently with two postorbitals. Two median antepronotals and one lateral antepronotal. Thoracic horn absent, 3 precorneals, apparently three dorsocentrals, not grouped. Wing sheath smooth, without pearls or nose. Abdomen. Tergite I with single caudal row of weak spines, tergites II–IX and sternites III–VIII with extensive shagreen. Conjunctives with small spines. Tergite II without caudal hooklets. Tergites II–VIII with single caudal row of spines, no caudal spines on sternites. Pedes spurii A and B absent. Segments II–VIII apparently with 2 Lsetae. D, V and O setae present, but weak. Anal lobe with 3 subequal macrosetae about half as long as anal lobe and situated on spined tubercles. Genital sac of female rounded, not reaching apex of anal lobe. Larva: Small, about 2.6 mm long. Antenna with 5 segments, basal segment longer than flagellum; third antennal segment much shorter than fourth. Basal antennal segment nearly 3 times as long as basal width, with ring organ situated just below middle. Lauterborn organs weak, about as long as the short third segment, style well developed. Blade much longer than flagellum, accessory blade about as long as second segment. S I plumose. Other S setae simple. Labral lamella apparently absent. Few spinulae and chaetae. Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 pointed teeth. Chaetulae laterales and chaetulae basales apparently simple. Premandible with 3 apical teeth, with third about half as long as 2 apical; without brush. Mandible with apical tooth slightly shorter than combined width of first 3 of 4 inner teeth. Fourth tooth fused with mola. Seta subdentalis slightly curved, seta interna with 4–7 branches, longer branches pectinate or plumose. Mentum with 1 median tooth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth of which outer 2 teeth slightly smaller. Ventromental plates inconspicuous, beard absent. Setae submenti just below base of outer lateral tooth of mentum. Maxilla and maxillary palp apparently normally developed. Anterior and posterior parapods well developed; longer claws of anterior parapods with few apical distinct inner teeth. Procercus minute with only about 4 short anal setae, supraanal seta relatively well developed. Anal tubules well developed, digitiform, about as long as posterior parapods.Published as part of Mendes, H. F., Saether, O. A. & Andrade-Morraye, M., 2005, Gynocladius scalpellosus n. gen., n. sp. from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 979 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17135
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gynocladius scalpellosus Mendes, Saether & Andrade-Morraye, 2005, sp. n.
No full text<i>Gynocladius scalpellosus</i> sp. n. (Figs. 2–4) <p> <i>Type material:</i> Holotype female with larval and pupal exuviae: BRAZIL: São Paulo State, Guapiara city, Parque Estadual Intervales, Lajeado de Cima, temporary pool, 24º16’43” S; 48º26’32” W, 820 m. a.s.l. 29.IV.2001, reared from larva, M. A. Morraye (MZUSP) Paratypes: 1 female with larval and pupal skin; 1 female with larval skin; 3 females: same data as holotype (ZMBN).</p> <p> <i>Additional material</i>: 3 larvae and one female with larval and pupal skins, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <i>Diagnostic characters</i>: See generic diagnosis.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: From Latin <i>scalpellum</i>, surgical knife, and ­ <i>osus</i>, full of, referring to the scalpellate acrostichals.</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (<i>n</i> = 3, except when otherwise stated). Total length 1.29–1.34 mm. Wing length 0.82–0.91 mm. Total length/wing length 1.45–1.64. Wing length/length of profemur 2.43–2.47. Coloration: uniformly dark yellow, antennae and tarsi greyish.</p> <p>Head. Flagellomeres length (in µm): 64–66; 27–41; 43–46; 25–37; 55. Pedicel 34–37 µm long, 48–50 µm wide. Temporal setae 7–8; including 2 inner verticals; 3 outer verticals; and 2–3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 16–20 setae. Tentorium, stipes, and cibarial pump as in Fig. 2 B. Tentorium 87–96 µm long; 7–10 µm wide. Stipes 87 µm long; 27 µm wide (1). Palpomere lengths (in µm): 16–18; 20–25; 46–48; 48; 80–89. Third palpomere with 1–3 non­grouped sensilla clavata in apical one­third, 14–17 µm long.</p> <p>Thorax (Fig. 2 A). Antepronotum with 4–8 setae. Acrostichals 7–13 scalpellate, plus 2 anterior simple; dorsocentrals 12–26, starting close to antepronotum; prealars 3–5. Scutellum with 6–9 setae.</p> <p>Wing (Fig. 2 C). VR 1.38–1.41. C extension 94–115 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 seta; C extension with 15–25 non–marginal setae; R with 11–13 setae; R1 with 11–25; R4+5 with 20–22; M bare; M1+2 with 28–29; M3+4 with 14–15; Cu with 11–13; Cu1 with 7–9; Pcu 7– 12 and An with 13–15. Cell r4+5 with 52–68 setae; m with 10–15; m1+2 with 106–128; m3+4 with 37; cu with 8–17 setae; an with 96–99.</p> <p> Legs. Spur of front tibia 20–22 µm long; spurs of middle tibia 14–16 µm and 18–27 µm long; spurs of hind tibia 15–16 µm and 27–30 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 20–22 µm; of middle tibia 22–25 µm; of hind tibia 27–32 µm. Comb with 8–10 setae, longest 22–27 µm and shortest 14–20 µm. Lengths and proportions of legs as follows (<i>n</i> = 1–2):</p> <p> Genitalia (Fig. 2 D–G, <i>n</i> = 1). Sternite VIII with 14 setae. Gonocoxite with 12 setae. Tergite IX undivided, with about 18 setae. Cercus 37 µm long, 16 µm wide. Seminal capsule 59 µm long, including 21 µm long neck, maximum width 34 µm. Spermathecal ducts straight for most of distance, but with loops close to seminal capsule. Notum 147 µm long.</p> <p> <i>Pupa</i> (<i>n</i> = 2). Total length 2.19 mm (1). Exuviae pale, nearly transparent.</p> <p>Cephalothorax (1) (Fig. 3 A). Frontal apotome smooth. Ocular field apparently with 2 postorbitals, each approximately 16 µm long. Antennal sheath smooth. Two median antepronotals 25 and 15 µm long, respectively, one lateral antepronotal 35 µm long. Precorneals as in Fig. 3 A, each 25, 22, and 16 µm long, respectively, all grouped together. Dorsocentrals each approximately 12 µm long, prealar 34 µm long.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 3 B). Numbers of caudal spines on tergites II–VIII as follows: 13–17; 18–20; 20–23; 20–24; 21–25; 18–21; 9–15. Length (in µm) of the longest caudal spine on tergites II–VIII (in µm) as follows: 11–13; 9–13; 13–16; 16–14; 16; 13; 11. Anal lobe (Fig 3 C) 153–157 µm long, with 3 macrosetae, respectively 71–76, 80–82, and 89–92 µm long. Distance from apex of genital sac to apex of anal lobe 41–46 µm.</p> <p> <i>Larva</i> (<i>n</i> = 1–2) fourth instar.</p> <p>Head capsule 227–245 µm long. Postmentum 48–53 µm long. Colour of thoracic segments brown, head and abdomen amber yellow.</p> <p>Head. Antenna as in Fig. 4 A; segment lengths in µm: 23, 9, 3, 7, 3. Blade 34 µm long, longer than flagellum; apical style of second segment 5 µm long. Seta I plumose (Fig. 4 B), other setae simple. Premandible as in Fig. 4 C, 30–34 µm long. Mandible (Fig. 4 D) 71–74 µm long, with apical tooth and four inner teeth, fourth tooth fused with mola; seta subdentalis slender; seta interna with four branches. Mentum (Fig. 4 E) 53–55 µm wide, with irregular, 7–9 µm long median tooth, and five lateral teeth.</p> <p>Abdomen without distinct setae. Anterior parapods fused, with numerous claws, all simple; posterior parapods not measurable. Supraanal seta approximately 46 µm (1) long. Procerci 7 µm wide, 7µm long; with 4 setae, shortest 50 µm long, longest 71 µm long. Anal tubules not measurable.</p>Published as part of <i>Mendes, H. F., Saether, O. A. & Andrade-Morraye, M., 2005, Gynocladius scalpellosus n. gen., n. sp. from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 979</i> on pages 6-10, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/171353">10.5281/zenodo.171353</a>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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