1,720,994 research outputs found
Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV: from pathogenesis to prediction
No full textAndrade, Bruno Bezerril. “Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis. Mayor Sathyamoorthy. Road. Chetpet, Chennai, IndiaNational Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. Immunology Section. Bethesda, MD, USANational Institute for Research in Tuberculosis. Mayor Sathyamoorthy. Road. Chetpet, Chennai, IndiaTuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an exaggerated, dysregulated immune response against dead or viable antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that frequently occurs after initiation of antiretroviral therapy despite an effective suppression of HIV viremia. Scientific advances in IRIS pathogenesis have led researchers and clinicians to postulate risk factors that could possibly predict this syndrome, in an attempt to reduce the incidence and the severity of IRIS, with appropriate anti-inflammatory therapy. This review is a summary of the available literature on pathogenic mechanisms involved from the macro to the micro level, the clinical spectrum, available predictors and the scope of these biomarkers to function as specific therapeutic targets, that could effectively modulate or ameliorate this syndrome in future
Eficácia do uso de lactobacillus acidophilus e bifidobacterium lactis no tratamento da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica e resistência à insulina em adolescentes obesos: ensaio clínico randomizado
No full textIntrodução: A DHGNA é a causa mais comum de doença crônica hepática em adultos e
crianças. A patogênese da DHGNA está parcialmente elucidada; descrita como multifatorial, a
resistência periférica à insulina (RI) tem um papel importante, assim como o aumento do
estresse oxidativo com produção de radicais livres causando inflamação e fibrose. Vários
autores descrevem o papel da microbiota intestinal na patogênese da DHGNA, inclusive
sugerindo a sua implicação não só na indução da doença hepática, mas em sua progressão. O
tratamento recomendado inclui as mudanças de estilo de vida, que apresentam baixa adesão
entre crianças e adolescentes. Os estudos de intervenção com uso de probióticos são escassos
nesse grupo de pacientes, e por isso promissores. Objetivos: Verificar a eficácia do uso de
Lactobacillus Acidophilus e Bifidobacterium Lactis na redução da esteatose hepática e da
quantificação de gordura hepática, e nos parâmetros relacionados à resistência à insulina em
adolescentes obesos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo clínico, duplo-cego, randomizado e
controlado com placebo cuja intervenção possui duração de 16 semanas. A intervenção
consistiu na administração da combinação dos probióticos Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5® e
Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12®, contendo 1 x 109 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC) de
cada um dos probióticos, na forma de pó liofilizado, administrado por via oral, uma vez ao dia.
Vinte e oito crianças e adolescentes foram acompanhados com avaliações clínicas e nutricionais
e realização de exames laboratoriais e ressonância magnética de fígado no baseline e no final
da intervenção. Resultados: Dentre os adolescentes do grupo placebo(N=12), 3(25%)
apresentaram piora na classificação da gravidade da esteatose hepática segundo o valor do
PDFF na ressonância magnética. No grupo que recebeu probióticos(N=14), apenas 1(7,1%)
apresentou piora. Observou-se uma redução média da diferença percentual nos valores de
rigidez hepática entre a semana 16 e a linha de base, para o grupo probiótico, enquanto houve
aumento médio no grupo placebo (-4,77[13,28] vs. 3,03[12,01]; p=0,045). Não observamos
alterações estatisticamente significantes para valores medianos da ALT antes e após
intervenção em ambos os grupos, sem diferença entre os mesmos (p = 0,216). Após a
intervenção, os valores finais da glicemia (p=0,043), insulina (p<0,001) e HOMA-IR (p<0,001)
avaliados, aumentaram entre os adolescentes estudados de modo global, independente do grupo
de estudo. Para o IMC, o percentual de gordura corporal e a circunferência da cintura, não foi
observado aumento e/ou redução significante entre os quatro períodos de avaliação (baseline,
semanas 6, 12 e 16). Conclusões: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente
significantes entre os grupos em relação à redução de valores de percentual de gordura hepática
ao PDFF e igualmente para os parâmetros relacionados à resistência à insulina; entretanto, no
grupo que recebeu intervenção apresentou redução significativa dos valores relacionados a
rigidez hepática
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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