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Contemporary Health Hazards of the Greenland Sled Dog in Greenland:Ullutsinni Qimmit Qimmutut Napaatigisinnaasaat
No full textThe Greenland sled dog (Canis familiaris borealis) represents a several thousand-year-old human-animal symbiosis. The dog has been used for a variety of purposes throughout time and space, but the close human-dog relationship has persisted. Today, the largest remaining population exists in Greenland where it is relatively unchanged and thus with a relatively high genetic continuity through time, and escaping post-colonial admixture with other dog breeds. But these dogs, along with their cultural and historic significance, are disappearing at a drastic pace and a wish to preserve them has been expressed across Greenland. Potential solutions are multifaceted but among other includes an understanding of the most important contemporary health threats for the sled dogs in a drastically changing Arctic. Through the work herein we greatly increase the understanding of health and health hazards among sled dogs in Greenland – a study which has never been conducted before. Moreover, by means of ‘applied science’ we have directed our efforts at health-related issues that have potential for change by various public and private decision-makers. We sampled more than 400 dogs and analyzed health parameters through physical examinations, blood analyses, hair analysis, and parasitological analyses based on fecal and tissue samples. We also participated in research into the genetic make-up and origin of the dogs and gathered owner experiences through surveys about health and management. Moreover, by studying characteristics of police records pertaining to animal welfare offences, we gained information about relevant health hazards related to circumstances where management fails, but also on the role of law enforcement in animal welfare. This dissertation, as such, presents the findings thereof and provides recommendations that can guide efforts to ensure future sustainability and welfare of the breed. Nine scientific reports offer a wealth of information pertaining to health hazards of modern sled dogs in Greenland, but a very brief selection of findings include that the most prevalent clinical health issues are tooth fractures (+/- abscesses), bite wounds, viral disease, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism and energy deficiency/low body condition. More generalized health hazards are risk of inbreeding and effects of bioaccumulating toxic pollutants originating predominantly from a wildlife diet.The Greenland sled dogs are remarkably resilient, but they do suffer from a handful of common health conditions which are however preventable and typically treatable from a relatively simple veterinary treatment setup. Stakeholders and national decisions-makers are recommended to i) prioritize protection of sled dogs and associated culture in Greenland among other by ii) supporting efforts to mitigate health hazards described herein, and iii) increasing veterinary access
Hundens sundhed:Sygdomme og hundehold
No full text”QIMMEQ – Den Grønlandske Slædehund” er en hyldest i tekst og billeder til en helt unik hunderace og de mennesker der omgiver den.Med tekstbidrag fra 14 eksperter, beskrives den grønlandske slædehunds oprindelse, dens kulturelle betydning, den nutidige brug af hunden i Grønland samt hundens sundhed. Igennem bogen optræder desuden citater fra, og interview med, grønlandske slædekuske, der beskriver deres forhold til slædehunden. Bogen indledes med forord af Hans Kongelige Højhed Kronprins Frederik.Bogen er rigt illustreret med prisvindende fotograf Carsten Egevangs sort-hvide fotos. I et indbydende layout portrætteres slædehunden, det specielle bånd mellem slædekusk og hundene samt hundens funktioner i dagens Grønland – alt sammen med det storslået grønlandske natur-sceneri som baggrund
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Qimmeq Health:Reference intervals and effect of sex, season and management on thyroid hormones in 144 Greenlandic sled dogs
No full textChallenges and standardization of microRNA profiling in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in dogs suffering from non-infectious inflammatory CNS disease
Get PDFNon-infectious inflammatory (NII) central nervous system (CNS) conditions are primarily diagnosed by the demonstration of inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, less-invasive methods and peripheral biomarkers are desired. Changes in circulating microRNA (miRNA), which are short non-coding regulatory RNAs, may serve as biomarkers of disease. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate selected miRNAs in serum and CSF, hypothesizing that the levels of specific miRNAs in serum correlate with their presence in CSF, and that changes in serum miRNAs levels may reflect CNS disease. We profiled serum and CSF samples using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) searching for selected and previously profiled miRNAs in serum (let-7a, let-7c, miR-15b, miR-16, miR-21, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181c and miR-221-3p) and in CSF (let-7c, miR-16, miR-21, miR-24, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181c and miR-221-3p) from 13 dogs with NII CNS disease and six control dogs. We demonstrated the presence of several miRNAs in CSF (let-7c and miR-21 dominating) and serum (miR-23a and miR-21 dominating). However, we generally failed to reproduce consistent results in CSF samples due to several reasons: Unacceptable PCR efficiency, a wide variation between cDNA replicates and/or no-amplification in qPCR suggesting very low levels of the investigated miRNAs in canine CSF. Serum samples performed better, and 10 miRNAs qPCR assays were qualified for analysis. We were nevertheless unable to detect a difference in the expression of miRNA levels between cases and controls. Moreover, we could not confirm the results of recent miRNA investigations of canine CNS diseases. We believe that these disagreements highlight the significant effect of methodological/analytical variation, rather than the incapacity of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of CNS disease. A secondary aim was therefore to communicate methodological challenges in our study and to suggest recommendations for circulating miRNA profiling, including pre-, post- A nd analytical methods based on our experience, in order to reach reproducible and comparable results in veterinary miRNA research.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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