1,721,065 research outputs found
Organizational learning - an introduction
No full textKapitlet introducerer klassiske og moderne perspektiver på organisatorisk læring. Forskningsfeltets tilblivelse præsenteres i et historisk rids, og feltet inddeles i fire traditioner – en adfærdsorienteret, en kognitionsorienteret, en socialt-praxeologisk orienteret og en procesorienteret. Den adfærdsorienterede tradition eksemplificeres igennem James G. March teorier med særlig vægt på spændingen mellem exploration og exploitation. Den kognitionsorienterede tradition præsenteres igennem Chris Argyris og Donald A. Schöns single-loop og double-loop læringsteori. Den socialt-praxeologiske tradition præsenteres via Etienne Wenger og Jean Laves situerede lærings teori, Wengers teori om praksisfællesskaber, samt Silvia Gherardi og Davide Nicolinis teori om læring-igennem-organisering. Den procesorienterede tradition udfoldes igennem tilblivelsesperspektivet og Rober Chias teori om wayfinding.The chapter introduces classical and modern perspectives on organizational learning. The genesis of the research field is presented in a historical overview, and the field is divided into four traditions – a behavioral-oriented, a cognitive-oriented, a social-praxeological-oriented, and a process-oriented. The behavioral-oriented tradition is exemplified through James G. March’s theories with emphasis on the tension between 'exploration' and 'exploitation'. The cognitive-oriented tradition is presented through Chris Argyris and Donald A. Schön’s 'single-loop and double-loop learning' theories. The social-praxeological tradition is presented through Etienne Wenger and Jean Lave’s 'situated learning' theory, Wenger’s theory of 'communities of practice', and Silvia Gherardi and Davide Nicolini’s theory of 'learning-in-organizing'. Lastly, the process-oriented tradition is unfolded through the perspective of 'becoming' as well as Robert Chia’s theory of 'wayfinding'
Introduction
No full textAntologiens indledning starter med en kortfattet makroanalyse inspireret af Hartmut Rosa (acceleration og fremmedgørelse) samt eksempler på såkaldt vilde problemer, som kendetegnende nutidens samfund. Dernæst følger en kortfattet mesoanalyse af organisationer og projektarbejdsformen inspireret af Bent Flyvbjerg projektjernlov. Organisatorisk læring præsenteres herefter som en måde hvorpå de identificerede problemstillinger kan bearbejdes. Slutteligt præsenteres antologiens kapitler.The anthology's introduction starts with a brief macro analysis inspired by Hartmut Rosa (acceleration and alienation) and examples of so-called wicked problems that characterize today's society. This is followed by a brief meso analysis of the status of organizations and the project work method inspired by Bent Flyvbjerg's Iron Law. Organizational learning is then presented as a way in which the identified problems can be addressed. Finally, the chapters of the anthology are presented
Intersubjectivity and Learning in an Organizational Context
No full textKapitlet introducerer det fænomenologiske begreb intersubjektivitet i undersøgelsen af organisatorisk læring. Med udgangspunkt i en præsentation af intersubjektivitet på baggrund af indsigter fra bl.a. Alfred Schutz, Peter L. Berger, Thomas Luckmann og Hans-Georg Gadamer, indkredses intersubjektivitet som feltet af delt erfaring mellem unikke subjekter. Denne forståelse applikeres i en organisatorisk læringskontekst, hvorigennem en metafor – præsenteret som en model – for relationens intersubjektivitet foreslås, som kan anvendes i analyser af organisatorisk læring i hverdagsvirkeligheder.The chapter introduces the phenomenological concept of intersubjectivity in the study of organizational learning. Starting from a presentation of intersubjectivity based on insights from, among others, Alfred Schutz, Peter L. Berger, Thomas Luckmann and Hans-Georg Gadamer, intersubjectivity is defined as the field of shared experience between unique subjects. This understanding is applied in an organizational learning context, through which a metaphor – presented as a model – for the intersubjectivity of the relationship is proposed, which can be used in analyses of organizational learning in everyday life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Determining the species assemblage and habitat use of cetaceans in the Svalbard Archipelago, based on observations from 2002 to 2014
No full textThis study used 13 years of cetacean sighting data (2002–2014) from waters around the Svalbard Archipelago to determine key habitats for year-round resident species as well as seasonally resident species, and to explore spatial overlap between these groups via a combination of kernel density estimation and Maxent modelling. The data set consists of observations made by research vessels conducting various marine studies, coast guard ships and marine-cruise tourist operators. Data are reported from the seasonal period in which there is daylight (March-November), though 95% of the observations occurred June-September. Changes over the study period were investigated, within the limits of the data, to explore whether range shifts may be occurring. Fifteen cetacean species were reported. Among the resident ice-associated cetaceans, only white whales were reported frequently; they were seen exclusively in coastal habitats, in accordance with their known use of tidal glacier fronts for feeding in this region. Narwhal and bowhead whales were rare. Seasonally resident minke whales, fin whales, humpback whales, blue whales and sperm whales as well as small dolphins were seen frequently, in broad and somewhat overlapping habitats. Other less common seasonal residents included killer whales, northern bottlenose whales and sei whales; harbour porpoises and long-finned pilot whales were also reported, but rarely. Shifts over the study period towards higher latitudes, and into coastal environments, were observed for several seasonally resident species. These expansions are likely linked to warming ocean temperatures and a precipitous decline in sea-ice cover in the area
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
