1,720,957 research outputs found
The land question in Anglo-French political economy, 1750-1830
No full textThis thesis examines the political economy of land reform in Anglo-French political economy between c. 1750 and 1830. One of the main aims is to provide a comprehensive historical answer to the vexed question about the seeming discrepancy between the rhetoric and reality of land reform, especially in the American Revolution and in British political economy from Adam Smith to Thomas Paine and beyond. In doing so, the thesis explores, among other things, the way in which parental affection became a central topic of discussion in the debates about land reform and inheritance in the 18th and early 19th century. More specifically, the thesis shows how parental affection became a source of optimism in the late 18th century, only to become associated with great fear following the French Revolution. More broadly, the thesis provides a reinterpretation of Anglo-French political economy that places questions regarding the tenure, transfer and taxation of land at the centre of political economy. Another aim of this thesis is to show how the question of agricultural self-sufficiency was connected to the problem of jealousy of trade between nations, as well as to show how the debate about the best organisation of agriculture, often referred to as the ‘large farm-small farm debate’, was not merely a debate about economic efficiency but involved a much starker choice between civilisation and barbarism. Most importantly, however, it is a central claim of this thesis that the political economy of the Anglo-French world between 1750 and 1830 had as one of its primary concerns the question whether civilisation could be entrusted to the living; that is, whether the will of the dead, insofar as it pertained to the distribution of land, ought to curtail the will of the living generation."This work was supported by Social-Økonomisk Forskningsbibliotek (Copenhagen, Denmark).
This work was supported by the Henry George Foundation (London, UK).
This work was supported by Fonden Henry Georges Minde (Copenhagen, Denmark)."--Fundin
Liberalism and republicanism, or wealth and virtue revisited
Full text linkThe unquestionable achievement of J. G. A. Pocock's The Machiavellian Moment was to describe the retention of pre-modern values in a modern society. Pocock was notoriously accused of decentring Locke and side-lining the Liberal Tradition. A more pertinent critique had it that he failed to articulate how civic humanism in the context of increasingly commercial societies produced more than Jeremiahs or Cassandras. This article explains how Pocock responded to his various critics by inventing the term “commercial humanism” in an effort to clarify the way in which classical virtue was modified in modern commercial contexts, especially by natural jurists and republicans. Commercial humanism proved controversial but stimulated one of the most original scholars working in the history of political thought, István Hont, to undertake a prolonged engagement with Pocock's revisionist ideas, which ultimately allowed him to answer Pocock's critics better than Pocock, whose voice remained too in tune with those whose view of modern political thought he had rejected. For Hont, Pocock's labours in the history of political thought remained less relevant to present politics than they might become, once the depth of eighteenth-century analyses of the relationship between wealth and virtue was recovered.Peer reviewe
John Pocock and the jealousy of trade
Full text linkAt the end of The Machiavellian Moment, J. G. A. Pocock was unclear about what happened to the classical republican/civic humanist tradition. Significantly, he did not make the anticipated point, following Hannah Arendt, who he drew upon at the end of the book, concerning the decline of civic virtue and the need for its reassertion. In subsequent work Pocock published little on the nineteenth century, but he continued to be obsessed by the fate of civic humanism, especially in his self-reflective final writings, published or written between 2014 and his death in 2023. Especially in his unpublished Academic Reminiscences, he tackled the question of how The Machiavellian Moment ought to have ended. Commenting upon his own work from The Ancient Constitution to the sixth and last volume of his Barbarism and Religion series, Barbarism: Triumph in the West (2015), Pocock emphasised the relationship between his own work and the jealousy of trade, the commitment of national governments to the pursuit of markets and the defeat of rivals economically. Jealousy of trade, as a historical force which had altered world politics, was associated most especially with the scholarship of István Hont, whose perspectives on political thought Pocock found to be dovetailing increasingly with his own
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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