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Kajian Penggunaan Tower Tank Krembangan Pada Sistem Distribusi PDAM Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya
Get PDFPDAM Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya mempunyai cakupan pelayanan sebesar 98,97% namun nilai tekanan sambungan pelanggan yang terlayani dengan tekanan lebih dari 7 meter pada tahun 2018 hanya sebesar 19,84%. Menara air dapat menaikkan tekanan dengan memanfaatkan ketinggiannya selain itu dapat digunakan untuk menyeimbangkan debit pengaliran pada area pelayanan. Sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas air pelanggan, maka dilakukan kajian untuk mengaktifkan kembali bangunan tower tank Krembangan berkapasitas 1.500 m3 setinggi 35 m. Kajian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi eksisting jaringan pipa distribusi jika menggunakan pompa Krembangan dalam menyuplai air, menganalisis kemampuan tower tank Krembangan dalam menyuplai air pada tahun 2030, dan menentukan sistem pengaliran yang sesuai dalam segi tekanan yang dihasilkan dan penggunaan energi listrik pompa.
Analisis jaringan distribusi menggunakan pemodelan dengan program WaterCAD V8i series5. Pemodelan jaringan distribusi dilakukan dengan beberapa parameter, yaitu debit, kecepatan, tekanan, dan biaya pengoperasian pompa. Pemodelan mengunakan data sekunder dan dilakukan untuk perhitungan kebutuhan air pada tahun 2019 dan 2030.
Dari hasil komputasi program WaterCAD untuk kondisi eksisting jaringan pipa distribusi menggunakan 4 pompa Krembangan pada tahun 2019 menghasilkan total 367 titik junction yang mempunyai nilai tekanan dibawah 10 m. Nilai tekanan kurang disebabkan karena pompa eksisting tidak dapat mengatasi fluktuasi pemakaian air pada daerah pelayanan. Pada parameter kecepatan aliran hasil komputasi menunjukan bahwa pada jam puncak nilai kecepatan cenderung tinggi yaitu kecepatan rata-rata memiliki nilai 0,53 m/s dan nilai tertinggi yaitu 2,8 m/s. Selanjutnya untuk analisis kemampuan tower tank Krembangan dalam menyuplai air pada tahun 2030, terbagi menjadi 3 trial. Hasil trial 1 dengan menggunakan tower tank menghasilkan total terdapat 63 titik junction yang mempunyai nilai tekanan dibawah 10 m. Nilai tekanan tersebut jauh lebih baik pada penggunaan tower tank daripada hanya menggunakan pompa eksisting. Nilai tekanan yang masih kecil pada junction disebabkan oleh nilai headloss yang masih tinggi. Pada trial 2 dengan memasang booster pump pada jaringan yang mempunyai nilai tekanan kecil dapat menghasilkan nilai tekanan rata-rata 17 m pada jam puncak. Dan pada trial 3 dengan pembatasan area pelayanan tower tank menghasilkan nilai tekanan rata-rata 23 m pada jam puncak. Pembatasan area pelayanan dengan mengeliminasi sub zona 305. Dari segi efisiensi energi pompa dan nilai tekanan yang paling memenuhi, trial 3 menggunakan tower tank dengan pembatasan area pelayanan merupakan alternatif terbaik dalam kajian penggunaan tower tank Krembangan.
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PDAM Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya has service coverage amounted to 98.97% but the value of customer connection Pressure that is served with a Pressure of more than 7 meters in 2018 is only 19.84%. The water tower can increase Pressure by utilizing its height, otherwise it can be used to balance the discharge flowing in the service area. As an effort to improve the customer's water quality, a study was conducted to reactivate the Krembangan tower building with a capacity of 1,500 m3 and 35 m high. This study has a purpose to analyze the condition of the existing distribution pipelines when using Krembangan pumps for supplying water, analyze the ability of Krembangan tower tanks to supply water in 2030, and determine the suitable supplying system in terms of Pressure result and the use of pumped electrical energy.
Analysis of the distribution system using WaterCAD V8i modeling program series5. Distribution system modeling is carried out with using several parameters, which is flowrate, speed, Pressure, and pump operating costs.
The results of the computation with WaterCAD program for the existing condition of the distribution pipeline using 4 Krembangan pumps in 2019 produced total of 367 junction points having Pressure below 10 m. The Pressure value is below 10 m because the existing pump cannot overcome the fluctuations of water demanded in the service area. The results of the computation in parameters velocity of water show that at peak hours the velocity values tend to be high which is the average velocity has a value of 0.53 m/s and the highest value is 2.8 m/s. Furthermore, for the analysis of the ability of the Krembangan tower tank to supply water in 2030, it is divided into 3 trials. The results of trial 1 using tower tanks produced total of 63 junction points having Pressure below 10 m. The Pressure value is much better with use the tower tank than using only existing pumps. The Pressure value below 10 m at the junction is caused by headloss value is still high. Trial 2 by installing booster pumps on a distribution pipeline that has a low Pressure value can produces an average Pressure value of 17 m during peak hours. And in trial 3 with limiting the service area of the tower tank produces an average Pressure value of 23 m during peak hours. Limiting the service area by eliminating sub-zone 305. In terms of pump energy efficiency and the most comply Pressure value, trial 3 using tower tanks with limiting the service area is the best alternative in the study of the utilization of the Krembangan tower tank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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