34 research outputs found
Interaction of cultivar and irrigation on mixtures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with pea (Pisum sativum L.)
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412488
Intercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops species in the same space for a considerable proportion of the growth period. Intercropping has several advantages and is used in both traditional and sustainable agriculture. The objective of the present study was to study the interactions among different pea and wheat cultivars and the effect of water availability on wheat-pea mixtures and the competition between the two species. The experiment was conducted for two successive growing seasons using two different irrigation regimes and two cultivars from each species. The different treatments were evaluated using morphological and agronomic characteristics. Intercropping treatment, cultivars, and irrigation level affected most of the characteristics that were studied and the competition between the two species. Biomass was higher by 47% and leaf area index by 34% under irrigation compared to the rainfed conditions. The different cultivars showed different response under the two water regimes. Based on the intercropping indices, the mixture ‘Yecora E’ - ‘Isard’ is favoured under irrigation while the combination ‘Elissavet’ - ‘Isard’ under low water availability. There was interaction between cultivars and irrigation and using different cultivars in intercropping can have higher yield advantage than monocropping by exploiting the environmental resources more efficiently. Therefore, the use of appropriate cultivars in mixtures can affect the growth, biomass yield and competition between the two species leading to higher yield and greater economic return
Effect of Irrigation on Intercropping Systems of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) with Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.)
No full textIntercropping is an old and commonly used agricultural practice and involves the cultivation of two or more crops in the same area of land at the same time and may improve yield, the use of the environmental resources, product quality, and soil health. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of water availability of wheat-pea intercrops using agronomic and physiological characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the farm of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece during two growing seasons 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 using two different cultivars from pea (Isard and Olympos) and wheat (Yecora E and Elissavet) and two irrigation regimes. The availability of water increased grain yield and affected most of the characteristics that were studied. In terms of total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) there was a yield advantage of intercrops over monocrops, which indicates the efficiency of intercropping for using the environmental resources. Both wheat cultivars, the pea cultivar Olympos and their intercrops indicated high adaptation capacity to rainfed conditions, whereas Isard and its intercrops performed better under irrigation. Therefore, the intercropping of wheat with pea uses the water resources of the environment more efficiently and can be used in dry land conditions for higher yield
Evaluation of faba beans for resistance to sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum
No full textSclerotinia stem rot, a fungal disease caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum, is often a serious problem in faba beans (Vicia faba). The levels of resistance to sclerotinia stem rot were evaluated in 23 faba bean cultivars originating from various European countries, 18 cultivars from ICARDA, five cultivars from Canada, 58 populations originating from various provinces of Greece, and five V. narbonensis populations. Evaluation was done under controlled conditions following artificial inoculation with carrot root pieces colonized by the fungus. Faba bean plants were scored for resistance on a 0 to 3 severity scale. There was significant variability for resistance to S. trifoliorum among faba bean cultivars and among populations. Seven cultivars and 15 Greek faba bean populations showed a satisfactory level of resistance (≤ 1.50), whereas 22 cultivars and 25 populations were susceptible (> 2.00). However, all V. narbonensis populations were resistant to S. trifoliorum (disease severity from 1.11 to 1.44) without significant variability within populations. Variability in the resistance of faba beans to S. trifoliorum would allow selection within appropriate genotypes for breeding in an effort to provide an effective alternative for sclerotinia stem rot management in this crop.La pourriture à sclérotes, une maladie fongique causée par le Sclerotinia trifoliorum est souvent un grave problème pour la production de féverole (Vicia faba). À la suite d’une inoculation artificielle avec des morceaux de carottes colonisés par le champignon, l’intensité de la résistance à la pourriture à sclérotes a été évaluée en conditions contrôlées chez 23 cultivars de féverole provenant de divers pays européens, 18 cultivars de l’ICARDA, cinq cultivars canadiens, 58 populations issues de diverses provinces de Grèce et cinq populations de V. narbonensis. Une cote de résistance a été attribuée à chaque plante sur une échelle d’intensité de maladie allant de 0 à 3. Il y avait des différences significatives pour la résistance au S. trifoliorum parmi les cultivars et parmi les populations de féverole. Sept cultivars et 15 populations grecques de féverole ont démontré un degré satisfaisant de résistance (≤ 1,50), alors que 22 cultivars et 25 populations étaient sensibles (> 2,00). Par contre, toutes les populations de V. narbonensis ont été résistantes au S. trifoliorum (intensité de maladie entre 1,11 et 1,44) sans qu’il n’y ait de différence significative entre les populations. Les différences de résistance au S. trifoliorum dans la féverole signifient qu’il serait possible de procéder à de la sélection au sein de génotypes choisis afin d’offrir l’amélioration génétique comme moyen efficace de lutte contre la pourriture à sclérotes de cette culture
Inheritance of resistance to sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia trifoliorum) in faba beans (Vicia faba L.)
No full textEffectiveness of Single-Plant Selection at Low Density under Organic Environment: A Field Study with Lentil
No full textEffects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and manure on yield and quality characteristics of Italian ryegrass under semi arid conditions
No full textPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) appeared as a promising alternative for organic fertilization. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of PGPR and solid cattle manure application on yield, quality and mineral concentrations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) under semi arid conditions in Turkey. The treatments included: three manure application rates (i.e. M1, 10; M2, 20; and M3, 30 Mg ha(-1)), five PGPR strains (i.e. RC11, Bacillus subtilis; RC21, Variovorax paradoxus; RC105, Paenibacillus polymyxa; RP24/3, Paenibacillus polymyxa; and RF29/2, Pseudomonas putida), and a control (without bacteria or manure application). Manure application did not increase yield of Italian ryegrass, whereas the treatments with RC21 and RP24/3 rhizobacteria provided the highest dry matter yield. All PGPR and manure applications increased crude protein concentration of Italian ryegrass. The M3 manure rate and most treatments with PGPR (except RC11) produced greater crude protein yield than that of control. In addition, concentrations of P, S, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe in most PGPR and manure applications were greater than those of control.WOS:00030352870000
Intercropping of Faba Bean with Barley at Various Spatial Arrangements Affects Dry Matter and N Yield, Nitrogen Nutrition Index, and Interspecific Competition
No full textIntercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species on the same area of land, and can improve yield, forage quality, and soil health. Despite the fact that intercropping is an old practice, it received significant attention the last years because of the environmental impact that it has. However, the effect of the various spatial arrangements of the different species that are used in an intercropping system was not determined. The objective of the present study was to study the yield, growth and nitrogen (N) uptake rate, N nutrition index (NNI) of barley, interspecific competition, quality and financial outcome of intercrops of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. equina) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with various spatial arrangements (1:1, 2:2, 2:1 alternate rows, and mixed in the same row). The land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), actual yield loss (AYL) and system productivity index (SPI) values were greater for the FB:B intercrop of 2:1, indicating the advantage of intercropping in terms of dry matter and N yield. Sole cropping of barley showed a reduction in NNI by 7 %, whereas NNI for barley increased by an average of 14% in intercropping treatments. Based on biomass production and the competition indices for dry matter and N yield, and NNI the FB:B intercrop of 2:1 was more advantageous than faba bean and barley monocrops, as well as the other intercropping treatments that were tested
Importance of Selection of Cultivars in Wheat–Pea Intercropping Systems for High Productivity
No full textIntercropping is the cultivation of two or more crop species in the same space for a considerable proportion of the growth period. Farmers use cultivars that were bred under monoculture and there are no cultivars that have been evaluated under intercropping systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate different cultivars of pea and wheat on intercropping systems. The experiment was conducted for two successive growing seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) at the University Farm of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, using two cultivars of field pea and six cultivars of bread wheat, and all their mixture combinations. The growing seasons, the intercropping treatments, and the cultivars affected the grain yield, the yield components, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) and actual yield loss (AYL) values. The different cultivars showed different responses under the intercropping treatments, indicating that there are cultivars that show higher grain yield in mixtures. Based on the mean grain yield for both growing seasons, the mixture ‘Isard’–‘Mavragani’ showed higher grain yield by 86.5% and 55.7% compared with the mean grain yield of all other mixtures and monocultures, respectively. The total LER value of ‘Isard’–‘Mavragani’ was high in both years: 1.954 and 1.693 in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, respectively. This multicriteria evaluation of winter wheat and field pea varieties exhibited the need for the selection of appropriate cultivars for intercropping systems that were previously assessed under intercropping conditions before their exploitation from the farmers
Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and manure on yield and quality characteristics of Italian ryegrass under semi arid conditions
No full textPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) appeared as a promising alternative for organic fertilization. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of PGPR and solid cattle manure application on yield, quality and mineral concentrations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) under semi arid conditions in Turkey. The treatments included: three manure application rates (i.e. M1, 10; M2, 20; and M3, 30 Mg ha(-1)), five PGPR strains (i.e. RC11, Bacillus subtilis; RC21, Variovorax paradoxus; RC105, Paenibacillus polymyxa; RP24/3, Paenibacillus polymyxa; and RF29/2, Pseudomonas putida), and a control (without bacteria or manure application). Manure application did not increase yield of Italian ryegrass, whereas the treatments with RC21 and RP24/3 rhizobacteria provided the highest dry matter yield. All PGPR and manure applications increased crude protein concentration of Italian ryegrass. The M3 manure rate and most treatments with PGPR (except RC11) produced greater crude protein yield than that of control. In addition, concentrations of P, S, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe in most PGPR and manure applications were greater than those of control
