112,441 research outputs found
Gains from trade liberalization with imperfectly competitive world markets. A note.
No full textThe paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation of the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The analytical framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are considered. In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus by intervening in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of a private firm playing the role of "pure middleman" in the world market. Then the case of a producer-owned marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown that estimates of the impact of a tariff reduction in terms of prices and volume traded obtained assuming perfect competition when this postulate does not hold, are distorted. When domestic demand and supply functions are assumed to be linear, the impact is overestimated; a ranking of the size of such distortions in the three cases analyzed is provided. When no restriction is imposed on the demand and supply functions, the error in the estimated impact of a tariff reduction involves the magnitude as well as the sign of the expected changes in prices and volume traded. Finally, it is proved that when a private firm exerts monopoly and monopsony power in the world market, both the importing and the exporting countries may well be better off if, rather than making a move towards trade liberalization, the importing country "compensates" the exporting country by means of a direct transfer. El artÃculo muestra cómo los análisis que incorporan el supuesto de competencia perfecta pueden proporcionar una estimación distorsionada de los efectos esperados de una liberación del comercio en presencia de imperfecciones de mercado . Adoptando un marco analÃtico muy sencillo, se consideran tres casos extremos de imperfecciones de mercado. En el primero, el paÃs exportador maximiza los excedentes del productor y consumidor interviniendo en el mercado mundial. El segundo es el caso de una empresa privada que desempeña en el mercado mundial un papel de "intermediario puro". El último trata de una junta de comercialización, propiedad de productores que han conseguido derechos exclusivos de exportación. En este trabajo se demuestra la existencia de una desviación de las estimaciones del impacto de una reducción de aranceles sobre los precios y el volumen comercializado cuando en el análisis se supone competencia perfecta y dicho supuesto no se cumple. Además si las funciones de demanda y oferta domésticas son lineales, el impacto precedente queda sobreestimado. Asimismo, en el trabajo se presenta una ordenación de la magnitud de dichas desviaciones para cada uno de los tres casos analizados. Cuando no se impone ninguna restricción sobre las funciones de demanda y oferta, el error de estimación afecta tanto a la magnitud como al signo de los cambios esperados en precios y volumen comercializado, como consecuencia de una reducción de aranceles. Finalmente, se demuestra que, cuando una empresa privada ejerce un poder de monopolio y de monopsonio en el mercado mundial, tanto los paÃses importadores como los exportadores pueden beneficiarse si, en lugar de inclinarse hacia la liberalización del comercio, el paÃs importador "compensa" al paÃs exportador mediante una transferencia directa. Palabras clave: liberalización del comercio; mercados imperfectos; monopolio; monopsonio; junta de comercialización.trade liberalization, imperfect markets, monopoly, monopsony, marketing board, International Relations/Trade, F12, F13, Q17, Q18,
Anania Širakac'i ed Eznik Kolbac'i
No full textIl contributo si propone di verificare se si possa affermare che Anania Širakac’i (VII secolo), nel suo trattato convenzionalmente noto come Tiezeragitowt’iwn («Cosmografia») abbia fatto ricorso allo Ełc Ałandoc’ («Confutazione delle sette») di Eznik Kołbac’i (V secolo) o se le somiglianze fra le due opere possano anche essere spiegate altrimenti. Il lavoro si conclude con la constatazione che manca una prova sicura del fatto che il primo si sia servito dello scritto del secondo per redigere i passi presi in considerazione
Anania fuscalis
No full text<p> <i>*</i> 235. <i>Anania fuscalis</i> ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775)</p> <p>Ala-Too, 4.V.2016, 1 male; Karakol, 19.VII.2016, 2 males.</p> <p> <i>Remark</i>. The species was previously recorded from “Central Asia” (Slamka 2013: 70).</p>Published as part of <i>Sinev, Sergey Yu. & Korb, Stanislav K., 2022, A preliminary list of the Pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) of Kyrgyzstan, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 5138 (2)</i> on page 126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6556841">http://zenodo.org/record/6556841</a>
Anania ochrofascialis
No full text<i>Anania ochrofascialis</i> (Christoph, 1882) <p>(Figs 2B, 3A–C)</p> <p> <i>Metasia ochrofascialis</i> Christoph, 1882: 121–122.</p> <p>TL: Russia, Dagestan, Derbent.</p> <p> Syn.: <i>Botys retowskyi</i> M̂schler, 1888: 128.</p> <p> <i>Hypotia bilinear</i> Bethune-Baker, 1894: 46, pl. 1 fig. 15.</p> <p> <i>Metasia ochrifascialis</i> Rebel, 1901: 61.</p> <p> <i>Metasia younesalis</i> Chrétien, 1915: 295.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀: <b>Hormozgân Prov.</b> <b>:</b> 3 ♀♀, Minâb, 13.iii.1971, Pâzuki, Âyatollâhi leg. (gen. prep. HA-2431, HMIM), 1 ♂, Minâb, 20.-21.ii.1997, V. Nazari leg. (gen. prep. HA-2416, HMIM), 1 ♀, Isin, 240 m, 5.iv.1973, Abâi leg.; <b>Khuzestân Prov.:</b> 2 ♀♀, Âbâdân, Choebdeh, Bahmanshir river, N 30˚12΄26.8˝, E 48˚33΄42.6˝, 3 m, 13.v.2016, Afsariân leg., 1 ♀, Sarâkhiyeh, Tâlâb-e Shâdegân, N 30˚41.0´16˝, E 48˚32´23.1˝, 6 m, 12.v.2016, Afsariân, Mozhdehi leg.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Crimean Peninsula, southern part of European Russia (Lower Volga), Armenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran (Bandar Chabahar [Sistan and Baluchestan Province]), United Arab Emirates, south of Dead Sea, Western Sahara, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco (Amsel 1961; Tränkner & Nuss 2010; Slamka 2013; Asselbergs 2008; De Prins & De Prins 2011 –2021). This species was misspelled by Amsel (1961) as <i>Anania ochrifascialis</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias & Slamka, František, 2023, Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 5289 (1)</i> on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7959127">http://zenodo.org/record/7959127</a>
Anania perlucidalis
No full text<i>Anania perlucidalis</i> (Hübner, 1809) <p> <b>Material examined</b>: 1 ex., <b>Odesa</b> reg., Odesa distr., Gradenytsi, 25.VII.2015 (S. Novytskyi) (SN). 1♀, <b>Zaporizhzhia</b> reg., Zaporizhzhia distr., Nyzhnia Hortytsia, 27.VI.2017 (V. Mushynskyi, O. Zhakov). 1♂, <b>Zaporizhzhia</b> reg., Melitopol distr., Myrne, 6.VIII.2015 (V. Mushynskyi) (all VM).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>: Europe, except South (Slamka 2013); Turkey (Koçak & Kemal 2018); Russia: Kaliningrad region, Karelia, C of European part, Middle Volga region, S Urals, Far East (Sinev & Streltsov 2019); Ukraine: Kyiv (Lebedev 1937), Kharkiv (Karolinskiy <i>et al</i>. 2017, 2018), Luhansk (Pak 1998a) regions and Crimea (Budashkin 1992), <b>first records for Odesa and Zaporizhzhia regions</b>.</p>Published as part of <i>Yepishin, Viktor, Khalaim, Yevhenii, Budashkin, Yuriy, Zhakov, Oleksandr, Mushynskyi, Vadym & Novytskyi, Sergiy, 2021, New records of pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) from different regions of Ukraine, pp. 366-388 in Zootaxa 5023 (3)</i> on page 382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5023.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5226112">http://zenodo.org/record/5226112</a>
Linfedema: fisiopatologia, inquadramento diagnostico e cenni di trattamento non fisico.
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Anania ochrofascialis
No full textAnania ochrofascialis (Christoph, 1882) (Fig. 7b) Material examined: Iğdır Prov.: 3♂ 2♀ Hıdırlı / Karakoyunlu, 19.vii.2017; 1♂ Aralık, Tigem, 06.vii.2018; 2♂ Gaziler, 06.viii.2018; 1♂ 1♀ Suveren, 13.viii.2018; 1♂ Tigem. Aralık, 08.v.2019; 7♂ Iğdır. Üni. T. U.A. Melekli, 16.v.2019; 1♀ Tigem, Aralık, 28.v.2019; 3♂ 2♀ D.A. T. Arş. Ens. Merkez, 30.v.2019; 2♂ D.A. T. Arş. Ens. Merkez, 10.vi.2019; 2♂ 3♀ Tigem. Aralık, 22.vi.2019; 1♂ 3♀ Iğdır. Üni. T. U.A. Merkez, 25.vi.2019; 1♂ D.A. T. Arş. Ens. Merkez, 03.vii.2019; 1♀ Suveren, 07.vii.2019; 1♀ İ.Ü. Arşt. Melekli, 20.vii.2019; 1♀ Tigem. Aralık, 24.vii.2019; 1♂ Suveren, 18.viii.2019. Distribution: Crimea, southern part of European Russia, Daghestan, Armenia, Turkey, North Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, South of Dead Sea, Egypt, Tunis, Morocco (Slamka, 2013). Remarks: This species is not known in checklist of the Turkish Lepidoptera (Koçak and Kemal 2018). But, Slamka (2013) reported the distribution of the species from Turkey without providing locality information. In this paper, the locality record of the species was given for the first time.Published as part of Akin, Kesran, Gözüaçik, Celalettin, Seven, Erdem & Türkoğlu, Mete, 2021, New species and new records of Pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) from Turkey, pp. 529-540 in Zootaxa 4951 (3) on pages 531-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/466841
Doveri informativi e formazione dell'accordo contrattuale nella prospettiva del diritto europeo
No full textRenal blood flow in hypercolesterolemic pigs is increased by chronic antioxidant treatment
No full textAn ultrashort pulse ultra-violet radiation undulator source driven by a laser plasma wakefield accelerator
No full textNarrow band undulator radiation tuneable over the wavelength range of 150–260 nm has been produced by short electron bunches from a 2 mm long laser plasma wakefield accelerator based on a 20 TW femtosecond laser system. The number of photons measured is up to 9 × 106 per shot for a 100 period undulator, with a mean peak brilliance of 1 × 1018 photons/s/mrad2/mm2/0.1% bandwidth. Simulations estimate that the driving electron bunch r.m.s. duration is as short as 3 fs when the electron beam has energy of 120–130 MeV with the radiation pulse duration in the range of 50–100 fs
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