36 research outputs found

    Dairy Cows’ Welfare Assessment in a Farm from South-Eastern Romania

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    AbstractThis study aimed to assess the welfare level of dairy cows in a farm from the South-Eastern Romania, in a mixed house with free-stalls inner space division. The welfare level was established by using an integrative numerical assessment system – the Austrian Animal Needs Index 35L/2000. There were scored 26 objective welfare indicators within the five areas of influence: locomotion, social interactions, flooring, light and air, stockmanship. In order to assess and score some indicators, there were used modern devices (LX 1102 light meter, Drager Pac 7000 ammonia analyzer, Testo 405 V1 thermo-anemometer, SL 4012 sound meter). Moreover, for increasing the objectivity in measuring and scoring animal cleanliness within the fifth area on influence there was used Hygiene Score Card. Analyzing the results, it could be noticed that the highest scored indicators were those within the Locomotion and Social interactions areas (as expected, considering the loose-system applied in the studied farm). The lowest scored areas were Flooring and Light and air, the critical indicators being light (uneven lighting and some low intensity values: 28-30 Lx) and outdoor areas cleanliness, resulting in poor animal cleanliness. In spite of the mentioned negative aspects, the overall ANI 35L score (30.5 points) reflects a good welfare, but the score could be validated on the condition that the light in the shelter is corrected. Addressing this issue along with the cleanliness of the outdoor areas may improve the welfare level to the excellent rating and may also increase the milk production

    The Ritz program for assigning rotational and rovibrational transitions in asymmetric-top molecules

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    The Ritz program is a user-interactive software package that simulates and enables the assignment of spectra of asymmetric top molecules, up to high rotational quantum numbers. The set of initial assignments can be extended using generated predictions for line positions. The graphical interface of the program handles wide spectral features corresponding to overlapped lines by fitting the expected number of profiles to the experimental contour. Features of the program allow for the detection and examination of Coriolis interactions. Initially designed to work for methanol and its isotopologues, the program has been modified to assign the spectra of cyanamide, hydrazine, acetaldehyde, and oxetane. An extension of the program, LaseRitz, has been developed for the assignment and prediction of optically pumped far-infrared laser transitions. Our paper presents a description of how the Ritz program works and provides an overview of studies carried-out using this software.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

    REVIEW OF THE INTERACTIONS ENCOUNTERED IN OUR STUDY OF THE CH3CH_{3}-ROCKING AND OH-BENDING FUNDAMENTALS OF 13CH3OH^{13}CH_{3}OH

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    Author Institution: Department of Physics, University of Toronto; Centre for Laser Applications and Molecular Science, Department of Physics, University of New BrunswickOur study of the n=0n = 0 OH-Bending and n=0n = 0 and 1CH31 CH_{3}-Rocking states has led to the characterization of a variety of interactions coupling the different vibrational modes. The OH-Bending state strongly interacts with the first excited torsional CH3CH_{3}-Rocking state and we have observed several ""extra"" forbidden sub-bands arising from intensity borrowing from the allowed interacting sub-bands. In our spectra we have observed the effects of Coriolis coupling between rocking (K1)(K - 1) and CO-Stretching K levels for K values from 6 to 10. Other interesting interactions encountered are J-localized perturbations due to level crossing resonances with the CO-Stretch state. All these interactions provide relaxation channels for intra-molecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) among the lower vibrational modes in 13CH3OH^{13}CH_{3} OH

    CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR PARAMETERS FOR ISOTOPOMERS OF CD3OHCD_{3}OH SPECIES OF METHANOL

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    a^{a}Y.B. Duan and K. Takagi, Phys. Lett. A 207, 203 (1995). b^{b}M.S. Walsh, Li-Hong Xu, and R.M. Less, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 188. 85(1998); A. Predoi-Cross, Li-Hong, Xu. M.S. Walsh, R.M. Lees, M. Winnerwisser, and H. Lichau, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 188, 94 (1998). c^{c}Y.B. Duan, L. Wang, I. Mukhopadhyay, and K. Takagi, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 929(1999).Author Institution: Department of Physics, Toyama UniversityTortion-rotational constants have been determined for 12C^{12}C and 13C^{13}C isotopomers of the CD3OHCD_{3}OH species of methanol with O-16, 17 and 18, using the calculation procedure based on the centrifugal distortion theory for a molecule containing a three-fold symmetric internal rotor.arotor.^{a} These parameters have also been obtained by fitting to observed microwave linesblines^{b} for 12CD316OH^{12}CD^{16}_{3} OH in which a correction-free reduced HamiltoniancHamiltonian^{c} has been used. It is shown that all of the calculated constants are in better agreement with the fitting ones for this molecule than those for the other species of methanol
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