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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization of the Ipomoelin promoter from sweet potato
No full textIpomoelin (IPO) 是一個甘藷(Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainung 57)傷害誘導的防禦蛋白，IPO可以被機械性傷害、茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate)以及乙烯等多種植物逆境與訊息分子所誘導表現，所以是一個可以研究植物如何開啟防禦機制的良好材料。針對實驗室李雨霖學長所釣取的甘藷IPO 啟動子序列全長片段A (位置-1240∼-1)，以及其所建構的啟動子缺失片段B (-1136∼-1 )、 C (-836∼-1 )、D (-496∼-1)、和E (-239∼-1)，進行菸草原生質體暫時性表現，並且進一步建構缺失順向調控區的啟動子長度1232 bp (片段F)，片段F缺失 -1136 bp∼-836 bp之間順向調控序列(cis-acting element)的ethylene response element (ERE, -1107∼-1100）；又建構長度為1235 bp的G片段，缺失 -496 bp∼ -239 bp之間的TGACG-motif (-404~-400)。針對全長啟動子和啟動子缺失片段B、C、D和E，以及含有缺失順向調控序列的片段F與 G，在接上b-glucunonidase(GUS) gene後，分別進行菸草轉殖，分析IPO 啟動子受傷害誘導之機制。在菸草原生質體暫時性表現以及轉殖菸草的實驗中，皆可證實IPO的啟動子是可被茉莉酸甲酯和乙烯所誘導表現的，同時發現茉莉酸甲酯誘導IPO的啟動子表現的倍率比乙烯來得高，感受的時間也較為迅速。而比較不同片段的缺失序列更可以證實：IPO的啟動子感受乙烯誘導的區域為位於-1107 bp 與-1100 bp 之間的ERE；IPO的啟動子感受茉莉酸甲酯誘導的區域為位於-404 bp∼-400 bp 之間的TGACG-motif。且TGACG-motif具有雙重角色：在平時，不受藥劑誘導的情況下，是作為一負向調控者，抑制IPO啟動子，使IPO啟動子在正常的情況下不表現，受傷害才表現；而在處理茉莉酸甲酯的情況之下，TGACG-motif則作為IPO啟動子感受茉莉酸甲酯的調控區域。Ipomoelin (IPO), a wound-inducible defense protein from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainung 57), can be induced by wounding, Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA), and ethylene, and is an excellent material to study plant defense system. The full length of IPO promoter, fragment A (position -1240~-1), and its serial deletion fragments B (-1136~-1 ), C (-836~-1 )、D (-496~-1 ), and E (-239~-1 ) were isolated and constructed by Yu-Lin Li, and their tansient expression in tobacco protoplast has been proceeded. Furthermore, motif deletion fragment F, which has deletion of a ethylene response element (ERE, -1107~-1100 ) between fragments B and C and motif deletion fragment G, of which the length is 1235 bp and has deletion of TGACG motif between fragments D and E (-496~-239), were also analyzed.
With attachment to the b-glucunonidase(GUS) gene, the full length, serial deletion, and motif deletion promoters were transformed into tobacco, and their expressions stimulated by ethylene and MeJA were studied in the stable transformants. Both the experiments of tobacco transient expression and stable transformation proved the effects of both MeJa and ethylene upon the induction of IPO promoter. Also, ERE that is located between -1107~-1100 was responsible for the induction of ethylene, and TGACG motif positioned -496~-239 was involved in MeJA stimulation in IPO promoter. Also, the induction magnification of MeJA upon IPO promoter was higher than that of ethylene, and the induction response of MeJA to IPO promoter was faster than that of ethylene. Interestingly, TGACG-motif functioned as a negative cis-element repressing the activity of IPO promoter in the absence of MeJA, but upon the addition of MeJA TGACG-motif positively helped IPO promoter expression.目 錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………2
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………3
第一章、前言
第一節 植物的防禦機制………………………………………………………….6
第二節 植物防禦基因轉殖的啟動子…………………………………………….9
第三節 甘藷ipomoelin的簡介…………………………………………………10
第四節 實驗方向與目的 ……………………………………………………….13
第二章、材料與方法
第一節 實驗材料………………………………………………………………..14
第二節 質體的製備………………………………………………………………15
第三節 菸草原生質體中的暫時性表現
2-3.1 原生質體的製備………………………………………………….20
2-3.2 電擊法…………………………………………………………….21
2-3.3 GUS螢光活性分析………………………………………………22
2-3.4 luciferase活性分析………………….………………………22
第四節 農桿菌的轉型
2-4.1 農桿菌勝任細胞的製備…………………………………………25
2-4.2 農桿菌勝任細胞的轉型…………………………………………26
2-4.3 農桿菌質體的抽取……….………………………………………26
第五節 菸草之基因轉殖與鑑定
2-5.1 葉圓片轉殖法…………….………………………………………27
2-5.2 菸草基因組DNA的萃取….………………………………………29
2-5.3 聚合脢連鎖反應法鑑定轉殖菸草植株………………………….29
第六節 轉殖菸草中ipomoelin啟動子受傷誘導機制之分析…………………30
2-6.1 GUS 螢光活性分析……………………………….………………30
2-6.2 相關誘導劑處理………………………………….………………33
2-6.3 GUS 活性染色分析……………………………….………………34
第七節 純化與ipomoelin啟動子專一性結合之核蛋白
2-7.1 純化核蛋白……………………………………….………………35
2-7.2 純化專一性結合之核蛋白……………………….………………36
2-7.3 蛋白質SDS膠體電泳分析……………………….………………40
2-7.4 銀染蛋白法……………………………………….………………42
第三章、結果
第一節、ipomoelin啟動子全長之簡介……………………….……………….45
第二節、菸草原生質體中的暫時性表現……………………….……………….46
第三節、PROIPO::pBI101轉型至農桿菌與其鑑定…………………………….47
第四節、轉殖菸草的轉殖及其篩選與鑑定……………………………………..48
第五節、ipomoelin啟動子全長（PROIPOA::GUS）傷害誘導機制的分析…..49
第六節、ipomoelin啟動子各缺失片段之傷害誘導機制的分析………………50
第七節、純化與ipomoelin啟動子專一性結合之核蛋白………………………54
第四章、討論
第一節、菸草原生質體中的暫時性表現與菸草基因轉殖………………………56
第二節、轉殖菸草中PROIPO-GUS基因的表現情形…………………………….59
第三節、甘藷ipomoelin啟動子的特性…………………………………………60
第四節、甘藷ipomoelin訊息調控機制及其生理功能…………………………61
第五節、未來展望…………………………………………………………………63
第五章、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………..65
圖表………………………………………………………………………………….72
附錄………………………………………………………………………………….9
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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