66 research outputs found
Comparative Evaluation of Robinson’s Cytological Grading with Elston and Ellis’ Nottingham Modification of Bloom Richardson Histopathology Grading for Breast Carcinoma
No full textBackground: Cytological grading of mammary carcinoma provides useful information about prognosis. It also helps in selecting therapy. Aim: This study has been carried out to compare correlation of Robinson’s cytological grading with modified Bloom Richardson grading system of infiltrating ductal carcinoma in histology.
Material and method: 59 FNAC smears of, invasive breast carcinoma, were graded according to the Robinson’s grading system. Corresponding histology sections were graded according to Elston and Ellis’ Nottingham modification of Bloom Richardson method.
Result: On cytology, there were 24, 26 and 9 cases of grade I, II and III tumor respectively while on histology 25, 24 and 10 cases of grade I, II and III tumor respectively. The concordance rate between cytology and histology grades were 79.16%, 73.07% and 66.66% for grade I, II and III tumor respectively. Absolute concordance rate was 74.57%.
Conclusion: Apart from being simple and non-invasive, cytologic grading method is comparable with histologic grading system. It might provide information about aggressiveness of tumor and is useful parameter while selecting neo adjuvant chemotherapy in patients of breast carcinoma
A Case of Malignant Low Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma and Review of The Literature
No full textLow grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare pelvic malignancy that arises from the endometrium. This article describes the morphological features of one such tumour discovered as finding in a hysterectomy specimen of a 32-year lady with a clinical diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding with multiple fibroids. Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed and a final diagnosis of low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma was given. This report is aimed to present a case of endometrial stromal tumor because of its rare existence and difficulties in establishing histological diagnosis
A Case of Invasive Micro Papillary Carcinoma of The Breast with Literature Review
No full textInvasive micro papillary carcinoma has been recognized as rare but distinctive variant of carcinoma in various anatomic sites, including breast, urinary bladder, lung and major salivary glands. The tumor is characterized by nested pattern of eosinophilic tumor cells arranged in a solid, morular, tubular patterns. Most often this growth pattern is mixed with conventional carcinoma or other variants. Patients have typically high-stage disease at presentation and a poor clinical outcome compared with that of patients with conventional carcinoma arising in the same organ site.
We report a case of 65-year-old woman with painful lump in right breast, admitted to the surgical ward of our institute, diagnosed as invasive micro papillary carcinoma of the breast histopathologicaly and immunohistochemically
Cervical Pap Smear Study and Its Utility in Cancer Screening, To Specify the Strategy for Cervical Cancer Control
No full textThe study was conducted to explore various lesions of Uterine cervix [inflammatory and growth], to find out target age group in which screening efforts can be concentrated for early detection as well as reduction of the incidence of cervical cancer, in our set up. Patients in the age group 15-50 and 50-78 years with various complaints were screened during June 2006 to December 2007. Total 995 patients were studied. Slides were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with Pap stain. Slides were reported according to the 2001 Bethesda System, by cytopathologists. Out of 995 patients studied, 940 showed inflammation and other benign lesions. 55 patients showed premalignant and malignant lesions. Premalignant lesions were present in 30-50 year of age group
Mutholayiram Expressions of Romantic Feelings
No full textMutholayiram is one of the best literatures in the history of Tamil literature. There is not much talks and writing about this literature which should be greatly appreciated in literary historical books, one hundred and eight songs can be found in Mutholayiram by R. Iragavaiyayangar by Madurai Tamil Society's Senthamil publication. Professor N. Sethu Raghunathan has written the textual commentary in the Kazhagam edition of the book containing one hundred and thirty hymns. The Chera, Chola, and Pandya kings of this century have divided and built the land into three parts. The author of these hymns are not revealed
Para-Bombay phenotype: A case report from a tertiary care hospital from South Gujarat
No full textThe blood specimen of a 30-year-old male donor showing a discrepancy in cell and serum grouping was targeted for detailed study at the blood bank at tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat. Forward grouping showed group as “O” RhD positive and reverse grouping as group “A.” Further testing confirmed that the individual's blood group was para-Bombay A (para-AH). Family members were screened, and younger brother was also identified as para-Bombay phenotype. The para-Bombay phenotype is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported from India. This blood group is characterized by the absence of ABH antigens on red blood cells (RBC's) with the presence of ABH substances in body secretions or by the weak expression of ABH antigens on RBC's with the absence or presence of substances in body secretions. This rare phenotype can be mislabeled as “O” if all detailed investigations are not performed
Distinct Parietal and Temporal Pathways to the Homologues of Broca's Area in the Monkey
No full textAn unprecedented detailed analysis of ventrolateral frontal cortical circuitry in Broca's area of the non-human primate brain clarifies the functional pathways permitting interaction between posterior cortical areas and the anterior language zone, providing important clues about the evolution of language. The homologues of the two distinct architectonic areas 44 and 45 that constitute the anterior language zone (Broca's region) in the human ventrolateral frontal lobe were recently established in the macaque monkey. Although we know that the inferior parietal lobule and the lateral temporal cortical region project to the ventrolateral frontal cortex, we do not know which of the several cortical areas found in those regions project to the homologues of Broca's region in the macaque monkey and by means of which white matter pathways. We have used the autoradiographic method, which permits the establishment of the cortical area from which axons originate (i.e., the site of injection), the precise course of the axons in the white matter, and their termination within particular cortical areas, to examine the parietal and temporal connections to area 44 and the two subdivisions of area 45 (i.e., areas 45A and 45B). The results demonstrated a ventral temporo-frontal stream of fibers that originate from various auditory, multisensory, and visual association cortical areas in the intermediate superolateral temporal region. These axons course via the extreme capsule and target most strongly area 45 with a more modest termination in area 44. By contrast, a dorsal stream of axons that originate from various cortical areas in the inferior parietal lobule and the adjacent caudal superior temporal sulcus was found to target both areas 44 and 45. These axons course in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, with some axons originating from the ventral inferior parietal lobule and the adjacent superior temporal sulcus arching and forming a simple arcuate fasciculus. The cortex of the most rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule is preferentially linked with the ventral premotor cortex (ventral area 6) that controls the orofacial musculature. The cortex of the intermediate part of the inferior parietal lobule is linked with both areas 44 and 45. These findings demonstrate the posterior parietal and temporal connections of the ventrolateral frontal areas, which, in the left hemisphere of the human brain, were adapted for various aspects of language production. These precursor circuits that are found in the nonlinguistic, nonhuman, primate brain also exist in the human brain. The possible reasons why these areas were adapted for language use in the human brain are discussed. The results throw new light on the prelinguistic precursor circuitry of Broca's region and help understand functional interactions between Broca's ventrolateral frontal region and posterior parietal and temporal association areas. Author SummaryTwo distinct cortical areas in the frontal lobe of the human brain, known as Broca's region, are involved with language production. This region has also been shown to exist in nonhuman primates. In this study, we explored the precise neural connectivity of Broca's region in macaque monkeys using the autoradiographic method to achieve a level of detail impossible in the human brain. We identified two major streams of connections feeding into Broca's area: a ventral stream from the temporal region, which includes areas processing auditory, multisensory, and visual information and a dorsal stream originating from the inferior parietal lobule and the adjacent superior temporal sulcus. Our detailed connectivity analysis illuminates the pathways via which posterior cortical areas can interact functionally with Broca's region, in addition to contributing to an understanding of the evolution of language. We suggest that a fundamental
function of Broca's region is to retrieve information in a controlled strategic way from posterior cortical regions and to translate this information into action. This fundamental function was adapted during evolution of the left hemisphere of the human brain to serve language.Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-14620
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