1,720,959 research outputs found
Milk protein hydrolysates: improved biotechnology from conventional Dairy Milk
No full textMilk protein hydrolysates are classified
as one of the modern biotechnologies in which a
much shorter peptide is used to hydrolyze the
protein in milk. This biotechnology approach
benefits the industry by supplying more bioactive
properties to traditional milk protein, and also
helps to remove the milk protein allergy that
certain people experience. The most popular
process used to generate bioactive peptides from
a whole protein molecule can be called enzymatic
hydrolysis. Another way of generating milk protein
hydrolysates is through fermenting milk proteins
through the use of proteolytic enzyme starter
culture, and it can generate hydrolysates in huge
amounts. The key concern that emerges from this
industrial milk is that because of the issue of
lactose intolerance, if it may lead to non�consumable goods. With the coming out of protein
from hydrolysis, this biotechnology may fix this
issue and help to deal with it
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The use of microorganisms in dairy products (butter)
No full textButter is widely used in cooking and
baking, particularly by those who enjoy cakes and
sweets. Butter is categorized as a dairy product
which is made from fat and protein. Biotechnology
knowledge is applied in the process of making
butter because it involves microorganisms such as
bacteria, yeast, fungi, marine diatoms and
protozoa. The steps in the process of making butter
include separating raw milk, skim, pasteurization,
storage, evaporation, and drying. The
neutralization of butter cream is vital in lowering
the acidity of cream, which prevents unpleasant
odors
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Bio-based enzymes as source of chemicals and materials in industrial biotechnology
No full textBio-based enzymes application is one of
the most reliable methods or processes used in
biotechnological processes. Most of the industrial
processes nowadays have a poor effect on the
environment and make the current climate and
conditions in the world worst. Most industrial
companies and manufacturers are moving towards
a sustainable environment and ensuring that they
do not harm the environment. By switching to
biotechnology, the value of biotechnology can be
made known and sustainable industrial
development can be achieved. Biotechnology is
involved in many sectors, including chemical, food
processing, textiles, mining, materials, and energy.
Bio-based processes involving enzymes such as
lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase
(MnP) and laccase of white-rot fungi (WRF) are
used instead of chemical products and substances
to achieve the same outcome from the same
industrial degradation, decolourization or even
detoxification processes. By chance,
biotechnological processes also provide tools for
adapting and modifying biological organisms,
products, processes, and systems found in nature
to help develop more profitable, eco-friendly and
eco-efficient processes. Chemical and related
industries are transforming from conventional
chemical-based models to a greener, more efficient
and more environmentally friendly catalytic
alternative, both at the laboratory and industrial
scale. Bio-based catalysis provides many
advantages in this sense, along with possible
biotechnological and environmental applications.
Empowering the industry with growing resources
also helps increase cost and environmental
efficiency beyond traditional chemical
technologies
Biotechnology on biopolymer in automotive interiors
No full textBiopolymers are renewable resource�derived polymers that attract interest as
environmentally sustainable resins, since they are
manufactured without relying on fossil fuel energy.
The application of polylactic acid (PLA) and other
biopolymers in the automotive sector (especially
indoors) needs the products to meet the quality
requirements such as high strength, low level of
sunlight disruption, abrasion resistance, high
longevity and high fire resistance. Owing to the
fact that injection molding produces products with
high dimensional tolerances at short cycle times
and results in lower costs, hence the production
techniques of polymer is crucial. In recent years
biofibre-reinforced PLA composites have been of
considerable concern. By combining a
biodegradable matrix with biofibre reinforcement a
biocomposite, a completely biodegradable
material, is literally feasible. We may also look
forward to ambitious R&D in the production of
materials that are bio-degradable over those
manufactured from polyester as its reprocessing
which prove costlier than the disposal and
composting of items such as seats manufactured
from PLA fabrics
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