133 research outputs found
Author response
No full textDetecting pathogens and mounting immune responses upon infection is crucial for animal health. However, these responses come at a high metabolic price (McKean and Lazzaro, 2011, Kominsky et al., 2010), and avoiding pathogens before infection may be advantageous. The bacterial endotoxins lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important immune system infection cues (Abbas et al., 2014), but it remains unknown whether animals possess sensory mechanisms to detect them prior to infection. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster display strong aversive responses to LPS and that gustatory neurons expressing Gr66a bitter receptors mediate avoidance of LPS in feeding and egg laying assays. We found the expression of the chemosensory cation channel dTRPA1 in these cells to be necessary and sufficient for LPS avoidance. Furthermore, LPS stimulates Drosophila neurons in a TRPA1-dependent manner and activates exogenous dTRPA1 channels in human cells. Our findings demonstrate that flies detect bacterial endotoxins via a gustatory pathway through TRPA1 activation as conserved molecular mechanism.sponsorship: Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Alessia Soldano Luis Franco Guangda Liu Natalia Mora Emre Yaksi Bassem A Hassanr Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0702.12 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0077.15 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0680.10 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0681.10 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0503.12 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0654.15 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0761.10N Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0596.12 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek G.0565.07 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Alejandro Lopez-Requena Natalia Mora Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar KU Leuven GOA/14/011 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Luis Franco Alejandro Lopez-Requena Guangda Liu Natalia Mora Emre Yaksi Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar European Commission IUAP P7/13 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Luis Franco Alejandro Lopez-Requena Guangda Liu Natalia Mora Emre Yaksi Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekensr KU Leuven OT/12/091 Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Luis Franco Alejandro Lopez-Requena Guangda Liu Natalia Mora Emre Yaksi Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talaverar KU Leuven PF-TRPLe Alessia Soldano Yeranddy A Alpizar Brett Boonen Luis Franco Alejandro Lopez-Requena Guangda Liu Natalia Mora Emre Yaksi Thomas Voets Rudi Vennekens Bassem A Hassan Karel Talavera (Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0702.12, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0077.15, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0680.10, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0681.10, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0503.12, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0654.15, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0761.10N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek|G.0596.12, KU Leuven|GOA/14/011, KU Leuven|OT/12/091, European Commission|IUAP P7/13, KU Leuven PF-TRPLe)status: Publishe
Les plages de Beyrouth : privatisation et communautarisation d’espaces publics
No full textBeirut beaches appeared on the western side of the city, which was once the most cosmopolitan district. The author describes these public spaces and the way of life prior to the war. He also considers the main evolutions that took place through the war period.El-Jisr Bassem. Les plages de Beyrouth : privatisation et communautarisation d’espaces publics. In: Reconstruire Beyrouth. Les paris sur le possible
Academic freedom at Palestinian universities : a human rights report
No full textBassem Eid traces the history of Palestinian Universities over three
periods - the Israeli occupation early 1970s until the Intifada, the
Intifada and its aftermath and the current era. The author examines
the serious problems and restrictions faced by University students
and intellectuals. He denounces a series of human rights violations
particularly the rights of freedom of expression and association. Such
violations include deportations, violence against students, arrests and
detentions without formal charges and unfair dismissal of professors
who spoke their minds. These human rights violations are not solely
a result of Israeli oppression but also a result of the interference of
the Palestinian Authority. The author probes into the University
Security Administration and the presence of undercover agents
within the universities, who monitor and report the activities of
individuals, are associated with the Islamic bloc or who criticise the
Palestinian Authority.peer-reviewe
Corrections to “D2D-V2X-SDN: Taxonomy and Architecture Towards 5G Mobile Communication”
No full textIn the above article [1], the following author bios must be updated as their posts and positions were upgraded, and the profile picture of Bassem F. Felemban was previously incorrect.Scopu
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textTo better guide the regional response to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we report the burden of AMR over time in countries in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. To assess the capacities of national infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship programs, we analyzed data on bloodstream infections reported to the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System during 2017-2019, data from 7 countries on nationally representative surveys of antimicrobial prescriptions, and data from 2 regional surveys. The median proportion of bloodstream infections was highest for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (70.3%) and lowest for carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (4.6%). Results of the regional assessments indicate that few countries have capacities for infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship programs to prevent emergence and spread of AMR. Overall, the magnitude of the problem and the limited capacity to respond emphasize the need for regional political leadership in addressing AMR
Lingual thyroid: A case report
No full textAbstractIntroductionLingual thyroid (LT) gland is a rare clinical entity which was found to occur due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. The presence of an ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue may present with symptoms like dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction or even hemorrhage at any time from infancy through adulthood.Presentation of caseWe are presenting a case of 5-year-old girl who presented with lingual thyroid, treated with Suppression treatment followed by elective surgical resection.DiscussionIncidence of ectopic lingual thyroid gland is reported as 1:100,000. It is more common in females. Most of presentations due to oropharyngeal obstruction, including dysphagia, dyspnea and dysphonia. Investigations include thyroid function tests, neck US, Technetium scanning and C.T.ConclusionLingual thyroid is a rare anomaly. Dysphagia and dysphonia are common presenting symptoms. Pathogenesis of this ectopic is unknown. Different types of surgical approaches have been described in the management
Penile Rings: No Innovation without Evaluation
No full textPenile strangulation is a rare clinical entity which if left untreated can cause serious urogenital problems. We present the case of 45-year-old male patient who presented with penile strangulation after applying a metallic ring. Strangulation of the external male genitalia is a serious problem that requires urgent intervention in order to avoid serious complications. If left untreated, it can result in gangrene and penile amputation. Management of penile strangulation is a real challenge for the treating surgeon and should be treated as an emergency in order to avoid vascular compromise
Seismic retrofit and repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns using shape memory alloy spirals
No full textThis research focuses on examining the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) spirals in the seismic retrofitting and repair of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns. The thermally triggered recovery stress of prestrained SMA spirals is utilized to apply large active confinement pressure at the column’s plastic hinge zone to enhance the flexural ductility of vulnerable columns and limit their post-earthquake damage. Although research has proven that concrete active confinement is a more superior technique to passive confinement, its field application using conventional materials is hindered due to several complications related to the method of application. This research focuses on investigating the new concrete active confinement technique using SMA spirals numerically and experimentally, which is rapid, robust and simple. The research work comprises of: 1) Performing numerical analysis on RC columns retrofitted using SMA spirals (active confinement) and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wraps (passive confinement) to examine the superiority of the suggested new confinement technique over current confinement techniques, 2) Investigating experimentally the thermo-mechanical behavior of NiTiNb SMA which is used for this research, 3) Testing concrete cylinders wrapped with SMA spirals and Glass-FRP (GFRP) wraps, 4) Conducting quasi-static lateral cyclic tests on four 1/3-scale RC columns retrofitted with SMA spirals and GFRP wraps, 5) Conducting quasi-static lateral cyclic tests on two severely damaged columns that were repaired using SMA spirals as an emergency repair technique, 6) Utilizing the experimental results of the tested columns to develop and validate numerical models for RC columns retrofitted with SMA spirals, and 7) Utilizing the validated models to conduct a comprehensive parametric study on columns retrofitted with SMA spirals. The results of this experimental and numerical work clearly illustrate that using thermally prestressed SMA spirals to apply external active confinement pressure on concrete columns is an effective, simple, robust, and rapid approach to improve the performance of RC bridge columns.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-02-28T21:54:14Z
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University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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Aspects of The Preoperative Pathway in Pancreatic Head Malignancy
No full textMalignancy within the pancreatic head can arise from pancreatic duct, distal bile duct, ampulla or duodenum. Since September 2000, surgery for all pancreatic head malignancy (PHM) has been centralised into regional pancreatic centres where assessment of preoperative imaging and subsequent surgery is undertaken. As part of this guidance, surgery must be performed within 62-days of referral. This project will assess four aspects of the pre-operative pathway in PHM: 1) Potential variation in outcome of patients referred from different sites within a Cancer Network 2) Potential variation in outcome associated with different intervals to surgery within the 62 day guideline 3) The ability of interpretation of heterogeneous pre-operative CT scans from different hospitals to determine the resectability of PHM 4) The ability of CT scan to distinguish the different tumour types of PHM Images of a consecutive series of patients were re-reported and compared with final pathology reports. Good agreement was noted in determining the tumour origin of PHM (observed agreement = 0.758, Kappa= 0.6 (0.51-0.68)). In the assessment surgical outcomes, geographical isolation from the regional centre was not associated with delay to surgery. Variation in outcome between referral centres was however noted but this was not associated with travel distance. Although little association was noted between delay to surgery and outcome overall, a paradoxical improvement in survival was noted however for the small group of patients with ampullary tumours who waited longer than the median interval to surgery
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