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汉语词汇教学方案研究 : 以韩汉词汇对比与偏误分析为中心
No full text韩国与中国依水相连，两国有着数千年文化交流的历史，韩语也由此受到汉字和汉语的影响。特别是韩国现在使用的汉字词中有许多与中国的汉字在意义、形态甚至发音上都十分相似，这为学习汉语的韩国人提供了有力条件。如果积极利用他们本身熟悉汉字词汇的特点，这会成为他们在学习汉语时的有利因素。
但是，除了其中一些相近的词汇外，大部分的韩国汉字词和中国的词汇并不能够一一对应。所以，这就成为韩国人学习汉语词汇时容易产生偏误的一个重要的负面因素。因此，教师在指导汉语词汇学习时要多角度多方面的考虑学习者在学习上的困难，尽可能减少学习中的偏误，根据学习者的特点编写教学方案，提高学习者的词汇量和语言能力。
本研究主要以韩中词汇对比和偏误分析为中心，指出韩国汉语学习者词汇学习中出现的难点及错误，并有针对性的制定出有效的教学方案。
首先，本研究用对第七次高中汉语教育课程修订版中的基本词汇来进行韩中词汇对应类型分析，并通过选择不同类型的试题对287名在校高中生进行了问卷调查，对调查结果进行客观的分析，通过调查结果讨论偏误的类型和产生偏误的原因。
然后，本研究根据学习者的错误总结出词汇的偏误类型并编写教学方案。通过介绍思维图(mind map)和活用文脉的教学方案试图帮助学生理解汉语词汇与韩语汉字词用法的差异，并通过介绍汉语词汇的特有用法加深记忆，另外还利用对比词汇和活用文化背景知识的教学方案来帮助学生克服母语带来的词汇偏误。
通过本研究，我对韩国汉语学习者在词汇学习方面的偏误有了更多的认识和了解，因此我希望以后能够进行更加集中细致的后续研究。同时，也希望我的研究能对汉语词汇偏误分析和教学有兴趣的学习者提供一定的参考价值。;Korea, located in proximity to China geographically, has been culturally exchanging with it over thousands of years. From ancient times, it has adopted Chinese characters and writings, influencing Korean writing considerably in terms of vocabulary and syntax. In particular, among Korean Sino-words, there are many vocabularies which are similar to the shape and meaning of Chinese vocabularies. Such vocabularies are advantageous in that they can be useful in the vocabulary learning for Korean learners of Chinese who are familiar with Chinese words. However, for the majority of vocabularies except for some, Korean Sino-words and Chinese vocabularies do not match one on one and this may act as a negative factor causing the errors in learning Chinese vocabulary. Thus, when it comes to teaching Chinese vocabulary, the teacher must think of the difficulties in learning caused by various elements and prepare the teaching strategies which are suitable for the characteristics of the learners to minimize the errors that result, contributing the expanding vocabularies for the learner.
The purpose of this study is to propose the effective teaching strategies by figuring out the difficulties that occur in learning vocabularies for Korean learners of Chinese and the resulting errors, focusing on the contrast between Korean and Chinese vocabularies and error analysis. First, the Chinese basic vocabularies in the 7th Revised Educational Curriculum, which is the scope of this research, were classified by the type of correspondence between Korean and Chinese. Then, the questions by type were selected and the survey was conducted on 287 learners in high school. The errors of the learners collected through the survey were analysed on their types and causes of the vocabulary errors based on the objective statistics. Furthermore, based on the errors by the learner, the teaching strategies for the vocabulary by each type of the errors were proposed. The teaching strategies using the mind map and the context, this study intends to allow the learners to effectively learn the difference in use of Chinese vocabularies and additional meanings and prevent the vocabulary errors caused by their native language through the teaching strategies through contrast and those using the knowledge of cultural background.
It is anticipated that this study will become the opportunity to bring more attention on the errors occurring in the vocabulary learning for the Korean learners of Chinese. In the future, more specialized studies by each area of the errors in learning Chinese vocabulary must be conducted and more practical teaching strategies based on the errors of the learners would have to be proposed.
;한국은 중국과 지리적으로 인접하여 수천 년 교류가 이루어져왔으며, 일찍부터 한자와 한문을 받아들임으로써 어휘와 통사면에서 많은 영향을 받게 되었다. 특히 한국 한자어 중에는 중국어 어휘의 형태와 의미가 같고 발음까지 유사한 형태의 어휘가 많다. 이러한 어휘는 한자어에 익숙한 한국인 중국어 학습자의 어휘 학습에 유리하게 작용하여 긍정적 효과를 가져다 줄 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 일부 어휘를 제외한 대부분의 어휘는 한국 한자어와 중국어 어휘가 일대일로 대응되지 않아 중국어 어휘 학습에서 오류를 발생시키는 부정적 요소가 되기도 한다. 따라서 중국어 어휘를 지도함에 있어 교사는 다양한 요소로 인한 학습상의 난점을 생각해보고 그에 따른 오류를 최소화할 수 있도록 학습자 특성에 맞는 지도 방안을 마련하여 학습자의 어휘력 신장에 도움을 줄 수 있어야 한다.
본 연구는 韓·中 어휘 대조와 오류분석을 중심으로 한국인 중국어 학습자의 어휘 학습에서 발생하는 난점과 그에 따른 오류를 파악하여 효과적인 지도 방안을 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. 먼저 연구의 범위인 제7차 개정 교육과정 고등학교 중국어 기본 어휘를 韓·中 어휘 대응 유형에 따라 분류하고, 유형별 문항을 선정하여 고등학생 학습자 287명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였다. 설문을 통해 수집된 학습자의 오류는 객관적인 통계를 토대로 어휘 오류 발생의 유형과 원인을 분석하였다. 이와 더불어 학습자의 오류를 바탕으로 오류 유형별 어휘 지도 방안을 제시하였다. 마인드맵을 활용한 지도 방안, 문맥을 활용한 지도 방안을 통해 중국어 어휘의 용법 차이와 부가의미를 효과적으로 학습할 수 있도록 하고, 대조를 통한 어휘 지도 방안, 문화적 배경지식을 활용한 지도 방안을 통해 모국어 요인으로 인한 어휘 오류를 방지할 수 있도록 하고자 한다.
본 연구를 통해 한국인 중국어 학습자의 어휘 학습에서 나타나는 오류현상에 더욱 관심을 기울이는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. 향후 중국어 어휘 오류와 관련해 각 영역별 로 세분화된 연구가 더욱 활발하게 이루어져야 함은 물론 학습자의 오류에 따른 실질적인 지도 방안이 마련될 수 있기를 기대한다.Ⅰ. 서론 1
A. 연구의 목적 및 필요성 1
B. 선행연구 2
C. 연구내용 및 방법 5
Ⅱ. 韓·中 어휘의 특징과 대조 7
A. 韓·中 어휘의 특징 7
B. 韓·中 어휘 대조 11
Ⅲ. 중국어 어휘 오류 통계 및 분석 19
A. 설문 대상과 범위 19
B. 설문 문항 분석 22
1. 문항 선정 방법 22
2. 설문 문항 분석 23
C. 오류 통계 분석 32
D. 오류 원인 분석 47
1. 목표어 요인 47
가. 용법의 차이 47
나. 부가의미 51
2. 모국어 요인 53
가. 모국어 간섭 53
나. 문화적 요인 59
E. 문화인지도와 어휘 학습 상관관계 61
Ⅳ. 오류 유형별 어휘 지도 방안 65
A. 용법 차이의 지도 65
1. 마인드맵을 활용한 어휘 지도 방안 65
2. ‘騎’와 ‘坐’의 지도 모형 70
B. 부가의미의 지도 72
1. 문맥을 통한 어휘 지도 방안 72
2. ‘老’의 지도 모형 75
C. 모국어 요소를 활용한 지도 77
1. 대조를 통한 어휘 지도 방안 77
2. ‘新聞’과 ‘報紙’의 지도 모형 79
D. 문화적 요소를 활용한 지도 82
1. 문화적 배경지식을 활용한 어휘 지도 방안 82
2. ‘紅’, ‘黃’, ‘白’, ‘綠’의 지도 모형 86
Ⅴ. 결론 90
참고문헌 92
부록1. 설문지 96
부록2. 제7차 개정 교육과정 중국어 기본 어휘 총괄표 99
中文摘要 124
ABSTRACT 12
以故事为中心的高中汉语副教材设计 Learning Chinese by Stories
No full text☞ 이 논문은 저자가 원문공개에 동의하지 않은 논문으로, 도서관 내에서만 열람이 가능하며, 인쇄 및 저장은 불가합니다.第一章教材设计计划 1
一、课题 1
二、教材设计对象 1
第一节课题选定的理由 1
一、理论背景 2
二、通过实际调查了解到的运用故事资料的必要性 2
第二节教材设计基本思路 6
一、故事资料运用教学法的学习指导模型 6
二、选择故事资料 13
第二章教材设计实验 17
第一节教材设计 17
一、教材设计基本事项 17
二、单元构成 17
三、教材目录 22
第二节教材指导案 27
一、第八课小马过河 27
二、第十一课狐狸和仙鹤 39
参考文献 51
问卷纸 53
附录 5
2ndes journées d'étude du projet ANR-AMP
No full textJournées ANR-AMP 27-28 septembre 2012 2ndes JOURNEES D'ETUDE ANR- AMP / 2nd Meeting ANR-ART Politiques, pratiques et expériences de l'infécondité : Douala, Paris, Pretoria Politics, Practises and Experiences of Infecondity: Douala, Paris, Pretoria 27-28 Septembre 2012 Lieu / Location: CNRS, 27 rue Paul Bert, 94204 Ivry sur Seine Métro: Porte d'Ivry ou Porte de Choisy Jeudi 27 (salle A, sous-sol) 9: 00 Accueil, café et viennoiseries /coffee & cookies 9: 15 Introduction de la journée /Welcom..
Structural and functional studies on nucleotide binding to AMP-activated protein kinase
No full textAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that senses and regulates
cellular energy balance thus playing a key role in homeostasis. As such it is a target
for treatment of metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. AMPK is a
hetero-trimeric complex composed of an α, β and γ subunit. α contains the catalytic
kinase domain, β is a scaffolding subunit that enables complex formation and γ
monitors cellular energy via nucleotide binding to its CBS domains. AMPK is
primarily activated by phosphorylation at Thr-172 on the activation loop in the
kinase domain. It exerts its cellular effects via phosphorylation of a range of
downstream targets involved in different aspects of energy production & utilization.
The aim of this thesis is to characterize the mechanistic basis of energy regulation of
mammalian AMPK via structural and binding measurements. Fluorescence studies
have been facilitated by the use of N-methylanthraniloyl (mant) labelled AMP and of
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2’-phosphate (NADPH) to monitor
competition with AMP, ADP and ATP. A number of mutations in the γ subunit,
which interfere with the normal function of AMPK and cause Wolff-Parkinson-
White (WPW) syndrome, have also assessed for changes in nucleotide binding
affinities and potential implications for the regulation of kinase activity.
Thermal denaturation experiments are used to investigate the stabilizing effects of
nucleotides and other small molecule ligands. This method was used in a low
throughput screen against an enriched list of compounds selected from an in silico
screen to try to identify novel activators.
I have also determined the structure of the regulatory fragment of the enzyme bound
to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide riboside monophosphate (ZMP), an
intermediate on the biosynthetic route to AMP, the fluorescence reporter mant-AMP
and the WPW mutants Arg298\rightarrowGly, Arg69\rightarrowGln and His150\rightarrowArg. The structures
of the mutants have revealed that nucleotide binding is impaired due to a reduced
affinity for the nucleotides thus affecting the regulation of the kinase
(Nitrato-κ2O,O′)bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)copper(II) tricyanomethanide
No full textThe title compound, [Cu(NO3)(C12H8N2)2][C(CN)3], is formed of discrete [Cu(NO3)(phen)2]+ complex cations (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) and C(CN)3− counter-anions. The CuII atom has an asymmetric tetragonal–bipyramidal (4 + 1+1) stereochemistry with a pseudo-C2 symmetry axis bisecting the nitrate ligand and passing through the CuII atom between the two phen ligands. The four N atoms of the phen ligands coordinate to the CuII atom with Cu—N distances in the range 1.974 (2)–2.126 (2) Å, while the two O atoms coordinate at substantially different distances [2.154 (2) and 2.586 (2) Å]. The structure is stabilized by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak π–π interactions between nearly parallel benzene and pyridine rings of two adjacent phen molecules, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.684 (2) and 3.6111 (2) Å, and between π-electrons of the tricyanomethanide anion and the pyridine or benzene rings [N...(ring centroid) distances = 3.553 (3)–3.875 (3) Å]
Tetrakis[μ-4-(diethylamino)benzoato-κ2O:O′]bis[(N,N-diethylnicotinamide-κN1)zinc(II)]
No full textIn the centrosymmetric binuclear title complex, [Zn2(C11H14NO2)4(C10H14N2O)2], the two ZnII ions [Zn...Zn = 2.8874 (3) Å] are bridged by four 4-(diethylamino)benzoate (DEAB) ligands. The four nearest O atoms around each ZnII ion form a distorted square-planar arrangement, the distorted square-pyramidal coordination being completed by the pyridine N atom of an N,N-diethylnicotinamide (DENA) ligand at a distance of 2.0484 (12) Å. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the carboxylate group is 4.89 (6)° in one of the independent DEAB ligands and 7.13 (7)° in the other. The benzene rings of the two independent DEAB ligands are oriented at a dihedral angle of 86.58 (5)°. The pyridine ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 31.17 (4) and 58.38 (4)° with respect to the two benzene rings. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H...O interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. Two weak C—H...π interactions are also present. The two ethyl groups of one of the DEAB ligands are disordered over two orientations, with occupancy ratios of 0.798 (5):0.202 (5) and 0.890 (5):0.110 (5)
Poly[di-μ2-chlorido-dichlorido(μ3-dimethyl sulfoxide-κ3O:O:S)(μ2-dimethyl sulfoxide-κ2O:S)ruthenium(III)sodium]
No full textThe structure of the title compound, [NaRuCl4(C2H6OS)2]n, comprises centrosymmetric [RuCl2(DMSO)Na(DMSO)Cl2Ru] units (DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide, C2H6OS), with two Ru atoms, each lying on a crystallographic centre of inversion, connected via Na atoms, DMSO and chloride ligands into a two-dimensional (110) array. Both RuIII atoms are octahedrally coordinated by four chloride ligands in the equatorial plane and by two DMSO molecules in apical positions within a RuCl4S2 donor set. The Na atom is surrounded by three chloride anions and three O atoms derived from three DMSO molecules, with the resulting Cl3O3 donor set defining an octahedron. The crystal structure is further stabilized by interatomic interactions of the types C...Cl [C—Cl = 3.284 (2) Å], C—H...Cl [C...Cl = 3.903 (3) Å] and C—H...O [C...O = 3.376 (3) Å]
AMP your natural home : Dr Imtiaz Sooliman
No full text462.B.1.2(1).pdf created from the media publications in the SA Election material Collection MS 462, held in the Manuscripts Section of the Stellenbosch Library and Information Service.AMP your natural home : Dr Imtiaz Sooliman. 1994. Sunday Times, 13 March:12.Newspaper advertisement by the African Muslim Party (AMP) communicating the principles governing the party. An image of party leader Dr. Imtiaz Sooliman appears in the upper left-hand portion of the advertisement underneath the party logo. Issued by the AMP
Bis(4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)bis(dicyanamido-κN)copper(II)
No full textIn the title compound, [Cu(C2N3)2(C12H6Cl2N2)2], the CuII atom is coordinated by two chelating 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-Cl-phen) ligands and two dicyanamide (dca) ligands in a cis arrangement, forming a distorted octahedral geometry. The equatorial plane is occupied by three N atoms from two 4,7-Cl-phen ligands and one N atom from a dca ligand at shorter Cu—N distances. Due to the Jahn–Teller effect, the axial positions are occupied by a 4,7-Cl-phen N atom and a dca N atom at longer Cu—N distances. The dca ligands are nearly planar, with a maximum deviations of 0.006 (1) Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H...N hydrogen bonds, with cyanide N atoms as acceptors, and π–π interactions between adjacent phenyl rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.725 (3) Å]
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