28 research outputs found
PROPOSED FORECASTING METHOD AND INVENTORY CONTROL METHOD FOR RINGER LACTAT 500 ML MJB AT ROYAL PRIMA HOSPITAL MEDAN
No full textRoyal Prima Medan Hospital is a type B private hospital in Medan that has been accredited. Royal Prima Hospital must always provide the needs of its patients. In addition, one of the things that must be considered by the Hospital to maintain this accreditation is that it must always provide the medicine stock needed by the patient. In 2018, the Royal Prima Medan Hospital suffered a loss of opportunity costs of Rp 117,125,215 of one type of medicine, namely Ringer Lactat 500 ML MJB caused by out of stock.This research aims to assist the Royal Prima Medan Hospital, specifically to reduce the loss of opportunity costs caused by depleted medicine stocks. From 10 types of medicines that caused the biggest loss of opportunity costs at the Royal Prima Hospital in Medan, this research focused on the Ringer Lactat 500 ML MJB medicine which had the largest contribution, around Rp. 117,125,215. The method used in this study is the time series forecasting method and inventory control method. In addition, the author also developed an inventory ordering process to reduce the long lead time for ordering medicines. So the process of ordering medicines can done more effectively.After calculating the time series forecasting method and inventory control method, the author found the best method for the Royal Prima Medan Hospital. This method uses the estimated Holt Winter method with alpha 0.6 and gamma 0.6 and the fixed order quantity inventory control method. By applying these two methods, Royal Prima Medan Hospital can reduce the loss of opportunity costs around 49% or IDR 57,626,111 and reduce the total inventory cost around 45% or IDR 114,408,778. This helps the Royal Prima Medan Hospital to be more efficient and effective in carrying out its business.Keywords: Forecasting, Inventory Control, Hospital, Pharmac
The metrical prologues to the Visigothic Excerpta Canonum
No full textThis paper offers a study and edition of the Versificationes ad excerpta canonum librorum, a set of epigrams designed to decorate the index of a collection of summaries of conciliar canons and decretals, itself arranged thematically in ten books and known as the Excerpta hispana. The epigrams were written after the Council of Toledo of 656 and before the Council of Mérida of 666, when Ildefonsus was bishop of Toledo. The author was not a gifted or inspired poet, but at least he knew the basics of Latin versification as cultivated in Visigothic Spain in the time of Reccesuinth.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Machine learning and materials modelling interpretation of in vivo toxicological response to TiO2 nanoparticles library (UV and non-UV exposure)
No full textAssessing the risks of nanomaterials/nanoparticles (NMs/NPs) under various environmental conditions requires a more systematic approach, including the comparison of effects across many NMs with identified different but related characters/descriptors. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide coherent (eco)toxicological datasets containing comprehensive toxicity information relating to a diverse spectra of NPs characters. These datasets are test benches for developing holistic methodologies with broader applicability. In the present study we assessed the effects of a custom design Fe-doped TiO2 NPs library, using the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), via a 5-day pulse via aqueous exposure followed by a 21-days recovery period in soil (survival, reproduction assessment). Obviously, when testing TiO2, realistic conditions should include UV exposure. The 11 Fe-TiO2 library contains NPs of size range between 5-27 nm with varying þ (enabling the photoactivation of TiO2 at energy wavelengths in the visible-light range). The NPs were each described by 122 descriptors, being a mixture of measured and atomistic model descriptors. The data were explored using single and univariate statistical methods, combined with machine learning and multiscale modelling techniques. An iterative pruning process was adopted for identifying automatically the most significant descriptors. TiO2 NPs toxicity decreased when combined with UV. Notably, the short-term water exposure induced lasting biological responses even after longer-term recovery in clean exposure. The correspondence with Fe-content correlated with the band-gap hence the reduction of UV oxidative stress. The inclusion of both measured and modelled materials data benefitted the explanation of the results, when combined with machine learning
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) for triclosan to terrestrial species (invertebrates and plants)
No full textTriclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent which is used as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and found in personal care products, and due to this it is spread in the environment. Aquatic toxicity studies have been reported, but little data is available for its toxicity to terrestrial organisms. The main purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of TCS in the terrestrial environment, using a battery of soil species, belonging to different taxonomic levels. The species included the invertebrates Eisenia andrei, Enchytraeus albidus and Folsomia candida and the plants Triticum aestivum (monocotyledonous) and Brassica rapa (dicotyledonous). For the invertebrate species the reproduction EC(10)s were 0.6 (E. andrei), 2 (E. albidus) and 7 (F. candida) mg TCS/kg soil dry weight (DW). For plants' emergence EC(10)s are 0.1 (B. rapa) and 142 (T. aestivum) TCS/kg soil DW. The calculated PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) ranged between 0.0008 and 0.004 mg TCS/kg (95% certainty) and between 0.04 and 0.2 mg TCS/kg soil DW (50% certainty) when using the SSD (Species Sensitivity Distribution) approach: applying a safety factor to the lowest EC(10) resulted in a PNEC of 0.06 mg TCS/kg soil DW. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Latin vigilance and Greek invention in twelfth-century Antioch:A new interpretation of 'Adelphus'
No full textA twelfth-century Latin account claims to record a conversation with a Greek Christian in Antioch about the origins of Islam. While this so-called 'Adelphus' narrative has solely received scholarly attention as a work of Latin polemic against Islam made by a western traveller, this article argues that the text belongs to a Levantine cultural context and speaks to a contentious religious and intellectual dynamic between Latins and Greeks in twelfth-century Antioch. Through subtle literary techniques borrowed from the medieval Latin classroom, the author levels a veiled attack on the perceived threat of the Orthodox Church to Christian unity and orthodoxy. The 'Adelphus' account thus represents a highly original entry in the body of Christian-Muslim polemical literature that should be viewed within the context of Levantine Latin intellectual culture
Progress and challenges in coupled hydrodynamic-ecological estuarine modeling
No full text© The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Estuaries and Coasts 39 (2016): 311-332, doi:10.1007/s12237-015-0011-y.Numerical modeling has emerged over the last several decades as a widely accepted tool for investigations in environmental sciences. In estuarine research, hydrodynamic and ecological models have moved along parallel tracks with regard to complexity, refinement, computational power, and incorporation of uncertainty. Coupled hydrodynamic-ecological models have been used to assess ecosystem processes and interactions, simulate future scenarios, and evaluate remedial actions in response to eutrophication, habitat loss, and freshwater diversion. The need to couple hydrodynamic and ecological models to address research and management questions is clear because dynamic feedbacks between biotic and physical processes are critical interactions within ecosystems. In this review, we present historical and modern perspectives on estuarine hydrodynamic and ecological modeling, consider model limitations, and address aspects of model linkage, skill assessment, and complexity. We discuss the balance between spatial and temporal resolution and present examples using different spatiotemporal scales. Finally, we recommend future lines of inquiry, approaches to balance complexity and uncertainty, and model transparency and utility. It is idealistic to think we can pursue a “theory of everything” for estuarine models, but recent advances suggest that models for both scientific investigations and management applications will continue to improve in terms of realism, precision, and accuracy.NKG, ALA, and RPS acknowledge
support from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program.
DKR gratefully acknowledges support from NSF (OCE-1314642) and NIEHS (1P50-ES021923-01). MJB and JMPV gratefully acknowledge
support from NOAA NOS NCCOS (NA05NOS4781201 and
NA11NOS4780043). MJB and SJL gratefully acknowledge support from
the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program—Defense
Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (RC-1413 and RC-2245)
Ultra-high Throughput TRANScryptOME Sequencing of Enchytraeus crypticus - Innovative Tool for Stress Response Assessment
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Interaction between density and Cu toxicity for Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia fetida reflecting field scenarios
No full textEffect assessment is usually based on responses obtained from standard tests, in which organisms are well fed and in an optimal population density. For a more thorough assessment of ecotoxicological risk, information is needed for chemical effects in systems that closer reflect the potential exposure in the field systems. Responses measured in standard density experiments do not fully reflect the field scenario, where populations' size fluctuate with environmental conditions, leading to very low organism number in certain season/conditions and high number in others. In the present study, the possible interaction between density and Cu-pollution was investigated in regard to population growth, using Enchytraeus crypticus, and for individual juvenile growth, using Eisenia fetida. The standardized ISO and OECD guidelines for enchytraeids and earthworms were adapted to test four densities and four Cu concentrations. The final population number was used to assess the effects and possible interaction between densities and Cu toxicity for population responses and the increase in individual organism wet weight was used as growth response. The study showed that although initial density itself had tremendous impact on population and individual growth, organisms under different densities had the same sensitivity to Cu. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Biochemical characterization of cholinesterases in Enchytraeus albidus and assessment of in vivo and in vitro effects of different soil properties, copper and phenmedipham
No full textEnchytraeus albidus are important organisms of the soil biocenosis, used as standard test species in environmental risk assessment. The inhibition of cholinesterases (ChE) activity of several species has been widely used to assess the exposure and effects of anti-cholinesterase environmental contaminants. Several studies have shown the association between ChE activity inhibition and adverse effects on behaviour and survival. Extensive studies addressing survival and behavioural endpoints, as well as other biomarkers, have been done in E. albidus with different types of soil contaminants. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to characterize biochemically the ChE present in the soluble post-mitochondrial fraction of E. albidus whole body homogenates, using different substrates and selective inhibitors; (2) to assess the in vivo effects of copper, phenmedipham and different soil properties (pH, organic matter, clay) on the ChE activity; (3) to assess the in vitro effects of copper and phenmedipham on the ChE activity. The results suggest the presence of one ChE in the soluble post-mitochondrial fraction of E. albidus whole body homogenates, which displays properties of both acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase considering the typical mammalian enzymes. It is also shown that ChE activity is not inhibited by exposure to different soil properties and that copper and phenmedipham inhibited ChE activity both in in vivo and in in vitro conditions and therefore ChE inhibition seems to be a robust biomarker for this herbicide and this heavy metal. This study showed that ChE activity in E. albidus might be correlated to previously determined higher level effects like survival and reproduction, as well as avoidance behaviour
Systems toxicology to advance human and environmental hazard assessment: A roadmap for advanced materials
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