1,720,957 research outputs found
Characterization and postharvest behavior of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) during ripening
No full textThis study aimed to characterize goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) fruit across different stages of maturity and ripening in terms of color, firmness, phytochemicals, and metabolic behavior. According to the producer's indication, the goji berry fruit was divided into six classes: early immature (green) to fully ripe (full red). Several maturity indexes were monitored for all classes, including dimension, weight, color (hue angle), firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), pH, and titratable acidity (TA). Fruit dimensions on the plant increased from class 1-6 starting from 8.08 mm in length, 3.95 mm in width, and 0.07 g of weight, to 16.26 mm, 13.15 mm, and 1.29 g, respectively. Soluble solids increased from 2.68% to 23.5%; the highest value observed even after storage. Goji berries showed a rise in respiration rate and ethylene production in the early stages of development. Goji berry stored for 8 d at 25 C showed significant changes in color, soluble solids, TA, respiration, and ethylene production. Soluble solids from class 5 stabilized around the maximum value of 23% after eight days of storage at room temperature. Their high nutritional value was confirmed by the content of vitamin C, which is comparable to that of citrus fruit. It reached the maximum value of 0.52 g/kg at full ripening, whereas the phenolic content decreased during ripening to values of 2.15 g/kg. The latest contributed considerably to the high antioxidant content of the berries. Results obtained in this study contribute to better understand the postharvest behavior of goji fruits enabling a clearer definition of quality attributes during ripening and, in turn, improving postharvest handling and distribution of goji berries as fresh fruit
Screening of volatile organic compounds emitted from different packaging materials: case study on fresh-cut artichokes
Get PDFIn the present work, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plastic packaging materials and their migration to the packaged product was investigated. Fresh-cut artichokes were chosen as a case study owing to their nutritional profile, including phenolic compounds, antioxidants, inulin and fiber, and the high market demand. Artichokes were cut into quarters, packaged in active modified atmosphere (5% O2 and 10% CO2) in three different micro-perforated (MP) packages (polypropylene (PP), polypropylene/polyamide (PP/PA) and polylactic acid (PLA)) and stored for 10 days at 5° C. For the detection of VOCs on the packaging materials and in the packaged product, three approaches were considered. First, VOCs emitted from a piece of package were extracted by solid phase micro extraction (SPME), at 30°C, and analyzed by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Second, VOCs from the headspace of the empty closed bag were extracted by SPME, at 5°C, to understand if any packaging volatile compound was transferred into the package atmosphere in this temperature condition. Finally, packaged artichokes were also analyzed by SPME/GC–MS to detect any presence of packaging volatiles compared to the fresh product. Emitted VOCs were different according to the material; in particular PP/PA emitted the greatest number of VOCs, most of them belonging to the class of branched alkanes and alkenes, such as 4-methyl-heptane, 2,4-dimethyl-heptane, 4-methyl-octane and 2,4 dimethyl heptene; PP emitted octane, aldehydes, and 1-metoxy-2-propanol; PLA emitted aldehydes and propanoic acid. Some VOCs were found into the atmosphere of the empty bags as well as on packaged artichokes, while they were not found in the fresh samples before packaging, suggesting that a study on the emission of VOCs from different plastic materials in contact with food and on the effect of different storage conditions is very critical for a better understanding of this issue
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Controlled atmosphere storage of 3 italian cultivars of olives for oil production
No full textThe objective of this work was to verify the effect of cold storage and controlled atmosphere (CA) on long term storage of olives in relation to quality parameters of the extracted oil. ‘Coratina’, ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ogliarola leccese’ olives were stored in air at ambient temperatures (approximately 15 to 20°C), air at 5°C, and 2% O2 in nitrogen at 5°C, in two replicates for treatment. Initially, and after 15 and 30 day samples were taken, oil was extracted with a laboratory scale milling plant. Before milling, respiration rate was measured with the static system. The following quality attributes were measured on oil samples: acidity (related to the presence of free fatty acid), peroxide value (peroxides are the first products of oxidation), coefficients of specific extinction at 232 nm (related to the presence of products of primary oxidation) and 270 nm (related to the presence of products of secondary oxidation), and oil stability (Rancimat test). ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ogliarola leccese’ olives showed a high incidence of decay after 30 days of storage in room conditions. Cold storage and controlled atmosphere had a significant effect on slowing down the respiration rate, and therefore, the metabolic activity of the drupes for all cultivars. Results on oil samples show a strong effect of low temperature storage on quality attributes. Results show a good potential for application in the olive oil industry in order to preserve quality of the product and to lengthen the processing season, while not many additional benefits can be attributed to the use of low oxygen. The implementation of cold storage of the fruit in the olive oil industry may lead to a general increment of oil quality and to the decrease of the incidence of capital costs due to the extension of the extraction season
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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