4 research outputs found
From Definition to Therapy: A Comprehensive Article Review of Galactosemia
No full textGalactosemia is a medical disorder that affects the body\u27s ability to metabolize galactose. After infants ingest galactose from breast milk or formula, those with the condition can develop a life-threatening illness accompanied by feeding problems. Infants with galactosemia can be identified through newborn screening programs (NBS) or by symptoms that appear in the first weeks after birth. If untreated, infants may suffer kidney and liver damage, develop cataracts, and experience severe infections. Some countries offer newborn screening programs to help with the early detection and treatment of galactosemia. This article review aims to define galactosemia, its types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and ways it can be prevented or managed
The JWST/MIRI view of the planetary nebula NGC 6302 – I. A UV-irradiated torus and a hot bubble triggering PAH formation
No full textMatsuura, Mikako et al.NGC 6302 is a spectacular bipolar planetary nebula (PN) whose spectrum exhibitsfast outflows and highly ionized emission lines, indicating the presence of a very hot central star (∼220 000 K). Its infrared spectrum reveals a mixed oxygen and carbon dust chemistry, displaying both silicate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features. Using the James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Instrument and Medium Resolution Spectrometer, a mosaic map was obtained over the core of NGC 6302, covering the wavelength range of 5–28 μm and spanning an area of ∼18.5 arcsec × 15arcsec. The spatially resolved spectrum reveals ∼200 molecular and ionized lines from species requiring ionization potentials of up to 205 eV. The spatial distributions highlight a complex structure at the nebula’s centre. Highly ionized species such as [Mg VII] and [Si VII] show compact structures, while lower ionization species such as H+ extend much farther outwards, forming filament-defined rims that delineate a bubble. Within the bubble, the H+ and H2 emission coincide, while the PAH emission appears farther out, indicating an ionization structure distinct from typical photodissociation regions, such as the Orion Bar. This may be the first identification of a PAH formation site in a PN. This PN appears to be shaped not by a steady, continuous outflow, but by a series of dynamic, impulsive bubble ejections, creating local conditions conducive to PAH formation. A dusty torus surrounds the core, primarily composed of large (μm-sized) silicate grains with crystalline components. The long-lived torus contains a substantial mass of material, which could support an equilibrium chemistry and a slow dust-formation process.This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1742. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular, the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This study is based on the international consortium of ESSENcE (Evolved Stars and their Nebulae in the JWST era). MM and RW acknowledge support from the STFC Consolidated grant (ST/W000830/1). MJB and RW acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant SNDUST 694520. AAZ acknowledges funding through UKRI/STFC through grant ST/T000414/1. HLD acknowledges support from grant JWST-GO-01742.004 and NSF grants 1715332 and 2307117. JC and EP acknowledge support from the University of Western Ontario, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA)[22JWGO1-14], and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NCS acknowledges support from NSF award AST-2307116. GCS thanks Michael L. Norman and the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics for the use of ZEUS-3D. The computations were performed at the Instituto de Astronomía-UNAM at Ensenada. PK acknowledges support from the Science Foundation Ireland/Irish Research Council Pathway programme under grant number 21/PATH-S/9360. KEK acknowledges support from grant JWST-GO-01742.010-A. FK and MT were partly supported by the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. JML was supported by basic research funds of the Office of Naval Research. RS’s contribution to the research described here was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, and partially funded by grant JWST-GO-01742.005-A from the STScI under NASA contract NAS5-03127. This research made use of photutils, an astropy package for detection and photometry of astronomical sources (Bradley 2023). The montage9 was used in python code to make false colour images, developed by Chawner et al. (2020). The montage project is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number ACI-1440620, and was previously funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Earth Science Technology Office, Computation Technologies Project, under Cooperative Agreement Number NCC5-626 between NASA and the California Institute of Technology. This work makes use of the ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2012.1.00320.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence (where permitted by UKRI, ‘Open Government Licence’ or ‘CC BY-ND public copyright licence’ may be stated instead) to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising.With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewe
Trapelus ruderatus
No full textTrapelus ruderatus (Olivier, 1804) NEOTYPE. MZUT R307, designated by Ananjeva et al. (2013). TYPE LOCALITY. Near Esfahan, Esfahan Prov., Iran. DISTRIBUTION. The range encompasses the Mesopotamian Fertile Crescent area from Jordan, Syria and Lebanon through Iraq and S Turkey to W Iran, westwards extends to central Anatolia. DISTRIBUTION IN IRAN. Fig. 22. The Zagros Mountains in most of the western provinces, particularly well documented in Ilam, Kermanshah and Lorestan Prov.; near Tehran penetrates to the Alborz range. HABITAT. Exposed stony habitats with a little vegetation cover up to 2100 m of elevation (Anderson 1999). REMARKS. The nomenclatural status of the name Trapelus ruderatus and T. lessonae (the latter included now into the synonymy of the former) is extremely convoluted and has been thoroughly discussed within the last years. In 2000, Rastegar-Pouyani designated a lectotype of T. ruderatus (MNHN 2610), a specimen recognized by him to be similar to a conventional population of T. persicus. Since the name ruderatus antedates the name persicus he synonymized T. persicus with T. ruderatus and restricted the type locality to that where animals most similar to the holotype occur (Iran: Bushehr Prov.: between Bandar-e-Ganaveh - Borazjan (50°45'E, 29°35'N)). In the same paper the author recognized that the holotype of T. lessonae is morphologically identical to T. r. ruderatus and since the name ruderatus was applied to the former persicus populations, he revalidated the species status of T. lessonae. However, Ananjeva et al. (2013) pointed out that the specimen designated by Rastegar-Pouyani (2000) as a lectotype of T. ruderatus was not originally a syntype of Agama ruderata (and as such could therefore not be elevated to a lectotype according to ICZN criteria) and disregarded it to be the name-bearing type. Instead, they designated as the lectotype of Agama ruderata a specimen depicted by Olivier (1804). However, the specimen number was not given and the voucher is apparently lost. Therefore Ananjeva et al. (2013) designated the neotype of T. ruderatus, which was selected to be the holotype of Agama lessonae (MZUT R307) in order to avoid further nomenclature complications. Thus they fixed the status of A. lessonae as an objective junior synonym of A. ruderata. As a result, for the time being, the name Trapelus ruderatus is valid. Although not specifically stressed by Ananjeva et al. (2013), their taxonomic change in the T. ruderatus complex leads to re-recognition of T. persicus as a valid species. Yet another species of Trapelus described from Iran, T. microtympanum (Werner) (type locality: Persia), is considered a younger synonym of T. ruderatus by Anderson (1999, p. 109). REFERENCES. Rastegar-Pouyani (1998a, 2000); Anderson (1999); Torki (2006, 2007a); Fathinia & RastegarPouyani (2011); Fathinia et al. (2011b); Ananjeva et al. (2013); Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2013a).Published as part of Šmíd, Jiří, Moravec, Jiří, Kodym, Petr, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Yousefkhani, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian, Rastegar-Pouyani, Eskandar & Frynta, Daniel, 2014, Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran, pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 3855 (1) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3855.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/492970
Care of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an international analysis of quality indicators in the acute coronary syndrome STEMI Registry of the EURObservational Research Programme and ACVC and EAPCI Associations of the European Society of Cardiology in 11 462 patients
No full textAims To use quality indicators to study the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in different regions. Methods and results Prospective cohort study of STEMI within 24 h of symptom onset (11 462 patients, 196 centres, 26 European Society of Cardiology members, and 3 affiliated countries). The median delay between arrival at a percutaneous cardiovascular intervention (PCI) centre and primary PCI was 40 min (interquartile range 20–74) with 65.8% receiving PCI within guideline recommendation of 60 min. A third of patients (33.2%) required transfer from their initial hospital to one that could perform emergency PCI for whom only 27.2% were treated within the quality indicator recommendation of 120 min. Radial access was used in 56.6% of all primary PCI, but with large geographic variation, from 76.4 to 9.1%. Statins were prescribed at discharge to 98.7% of patients, with little geographic variation. Of patients with a history of heart failure or a documented left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, 84.0% were discharged on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker and 88.7% were discharged on beta-blockers. Conclusion Care for STEMI shows wide geographic variation in the receipt of timely primary PCI, and is in contrast with the more uniform delivery of guideline-recommended pharmacotherapies at time of hospital discharge. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved
