1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Importance of Oral Language Proficiency in EFL Online Teaching Setting
Get PDFEnglish language, as an international language has been used in North Macedonia as a foreign language in schools for a considerable amount of time now. English teachers have tried to convey new ways of teaching this language, furthermore adapting to the main four skills in a meticulous manner.
However recently, all of the teachers, were confronted with a worldwide pandemic situation which shaped a different scenario of teaching. A different mechanism that all of the teachers are getting used to, which is online education. The purpose of this study is to analyze how effective was teaching English online for the pupils oral proficiency, whilst communication in English language was limited. Videoconferencing and converting lessons into videos and send them as documented evidence, were two of the main tools mostly used from teachers in schools in Gostivar. The methodology used for this research was qualitative, and it uses two instruments, an observation, and an interview.
The overall study results show that, even though pupils showed improvement in EFL (English as a foreign language) oral proficiency, since the materials used to lecture online where persuasive; some students also had difficulties learning autonomously, without depending on the teachers help. Furthermore, according to the interview responses, the appropriate and detailed lesson planning, helps in combining activities which would emphasize speaking more in online teaching classes
SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS E-LEARNING
Get PDFDue to Covid - 19 pandemic, many changes have occurred in education. There were several decisions made from the government, on how students should be taught online; there were two ways of teaching students, asynchronous and synchronous online teaching. The students were obliged to learn from home, so it has been important to know they’re feedback on e-learning. By the research studies where student are participants, it is received a lot of feedback from their experience. Instead the teachers, depending on their ideas and planning on what’s best for students, decided how to teach students from home and assess them too. Furthermore, in this article a number of research papers were reviewed, in order to compare both synchronous and asynchronous e-learning and which one is more beneficial for the students at home. From all the research methods, the ones taken into consideration from the studies were questionnaires, pre- tests, post-tests and surveys. Hence, approximately 50 articles were reviewed, and depending on their content and the correlations with the topic of this review, only 20 studies were chosen that were related to the topic generally. The overall study results show that even though there could be a preference for both e-learning methods, both synchronous and asynchronous e-learning methods if combined right, it could help teachers and learners have a successful course and results.
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Exploring American Cultural Themes in Language Learning: A Qualitative Analysis of 'Focus 4' EFL Textbook
Get PDFLearning a foreign language requires both time and dedication. Hence, achieving proficiency in the four language skills definitely necessitates the integration of culturally relevant materials that can enrich the learning process, particularly in developing speaking skills. This study examines an upper-intermediate English as a foreign language textbook utilized at the Medical High School “Gostivari” in Gostivar. While the textbook serves as a crucial teaching resource, its content also significantly shapes the students' learning experiences by addressing topics that contribute to both their academic and personal growth, preparing them for future success. The textbook’s analysis mainly concerns activities related to cultural themes, particularly those related to American culture, thus highlighting the importance of examining how these activities facilitate the development of speaking skills. A qualitative research approach was adopted to analyze the textbook's content and evaluate its cultural relevance. The study reveals that the textbook incorporates a diverse array of culture-related activities, aimed at enhancing students' speaking abilities. These activities not only promote cultural understanding but also provide opportunities for students to practice and refine their spoken language skills in meaningful contexts. The incorporated cultural content can boost student engagement since it introduces relevant and thought-provoking scenarios that encourage active participation in speaking activities
USING MUSIC TO REDUCE NATIVE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN EFL CLASSROOMS
Get PDFThe main factors that lead to the usage of the native language in an EFL classroom are the incomplete preparation of students from the teachers, during their years of studies. In this case, the difficulty is met for the Medical Secondary School students to whom the English language is used as a foreign language. In a context where students should improve their language, the interference of L1 might not be useful. Firstly, this paper explains the influence of L1 and its exposure at the Medical Secondary School in Gostivar. Secondly, it argues how often the foreign language should be used and how it should be used to help students improve their English learning. It details some facts about difficulties students have encountered in the past with a non-native teacher who also integrated L1 into the teaching setting. What will the future bring, and how to limit L1 usage? It then concludes by identifying music and lyrics as strategies for improving and reducing L1 usage in the classroom. Students should learn the English language to have a foreign language educational prosperity. Article visualizations
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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