1,720,971 research outputs found
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Microemulsions as nano-carriers for nutraceuticals: current trends and the future outlook
No full textPresent short paper is written so that a newcomer to the field can rapidly come up to speed on the topic and grasp the key points pertaining to microemulsion, as a nutraceutical nano-carrier, and its applications in the field of extraction, solubilisation, delivery, controlled release systems and so on. Though microemulsion system has various applications in different fields, here its food and nutritional applications are highlighted
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Extraction of lycopene using a lecithin-based olive oil microemulsion
No full textIncorporation of many water-insoluble nutraceuticals into aqueous formulations can present a real challenge for food industry. Hence, establishment of novel technologies for concurrent extraction and solubilisation of lipophilic compounds might be of a great interest. The main objective of the present study was to prepare olive oil microemulsions using different proportions of lecithin, 1-propanol, olive oil and water to examine their abilities to form microemulsion as well as extraction of lycopene from industrial tomato pomace. Lycopene extraction using 1 g tomato pomace and 4 extraction cycles applying 5 g microemulsion composed of lecithin: 1-propanol: olive oil: water (53.33:26.67:10:10 wt%) resulted in the highest extraction efficiency (88%). Such biocompatible and food-grade microemulsion containing lycopene can be applied in many food formulations where it can present a good solubility in aqueous and non-polar media and can improve the health-promoting properties of both lycopene and olive oil
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High-moisture extrusion in plant-based meat: challenges and emerging trends
Full text linkThe global protein demand is predicted to double by 2050, driving the rise in the adaptation of plant-based meat alternatives(PBMAs), which replicate traditional meat textures while reducing environmental impact. This review examines challenges and opportunities in producing and adopting PBMAs, with a particular focus on high-moisture extrusion (HME) technology. Anisotropic structure control during HME remains a major challenge due to the varied physicochemical properties of plant proteins. Additionally, nutrient composition variability complicates standardization, which affects dietary adequacy and consumeracceptance, while understanding the effects of antinutrients on nutrient absorption is also crucial. The review further explores the nutritional profiles, health implications, environmental impacts, labelling practices, and marketing strategies of PBMAs, identifying research gaps. It highlights the need for cross-sector collaboration to advance sustainable plant-based diets. Eco-friendly plant protein production can be achieved through efficient agroecosystem management and dry fractionation, in contrast to water- and chemical-intensive wet extraction. Life cycle assessments consistently show a lower environmental footprint of plant-based diets versus meat-inclusive diets, although more comprehensive methodologies are required. Market challenges, including costs and consumer acceptance influenced by demographics and culture, remain key challenges. Policy interventions, such as carbon taxation, could reduce meat consumption, but socioeconomic impacts must be carefully considered. Reducing production costs and effectively communicating the sustainability benefits of PBMAs seem crucial for widespread adaptation. Advances in fermentation and genomic technologies hold promise for enhancing nutrient bioavailability sustainably. Ongoing evaluation of PBMA production processes is crucial to addressing nutritional variability, health impacts, and environmental concerns
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Lycopene microemulsion storability: monitoring colour and rheological properties
No full textMicroemulsions (MEs) could be considered as promising nutraceutical carriers for anthropoid consumption where their stability during storage is a real advantage. Considering powerful health benefits of lycopene and constant growing interest in green and safe extraction techniques, current study was aimed at ME extraction of lycopene from tomato industrial waste and monitoring of rheological behaviour, turbidity, refractive index, and colour characteristics of the developed ME during storage. Within 3 months, no significant changes were noted in the rheological behaviour and refractive indices of lycopene MEs in three different storage temperatures (5, 25, and 45 °C). However, at higher temperatures (25 and 45 °C), there was a progressive but slow increase in the turbidity, total colour difference, chroma, hue angle, and browning index values, whereas those stored at 5 °C presented no or fairly small changes over the study period. All in all, the best storage condition for the lycopene ME was concluded to be cold temperature under which it can stay almost unchanged for relatively long periods of time. Potential applications of lycopene MEs can be a wide range of beverages and foods which would result in their better colour and a well-documented health-promoting quality
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Microemulsion-based lycopene extraction: effect of surfactants, co-surfactants and pretreatments
No full textLycopene is a potent antioxidant that has received extensive attention recently. Due to the challenges encountered with current methods of lycopene extraction using hazardous solvents, industry calls for a greener, safer and more efficient process. The main purpose of present study was application of microemulsion technique to extract lycopene from tomato pomace. In this respect, the effect of eight different surfactants, four different co surfactants, and ultrasound and enzyme pretreatments on lycopene extraction efficiency was examined. Experimental results revealed that application of combined ultrasound and enzyme pretreatments, saponin as a natural surfactant, and glycerol as a co-surfactant, in the bicontinuous region of microemulsion was the optimal experimental conditions resulting in a microemulsion containing 409.68 ± 0.68 lg/g lycopene. The high lycopene concentration achieved, indicates that microemulsion technique, using a low-cost natural surfactant could be promising for a simple and safe separation of lycopene from tomato pomace and possibly from tomato industrial wastes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Stability assessment of lycopene microemulsion prepared using tomato industrial waste against various processing conditions
No full textBACKGROUND: Green separation techniques are growing at a greater rate than solvent extraction as a result of the constant consumer drive to ‘go natural’. Considering the increasing evidence of the health benefits of lycopene and massive tomato industrialwaste, in the present study, lycopenewas extracted fromtomato industrialwaste using microemulsion technique and its mean droplet size and size distribution was determined. Moreover, the effects of pasteurization, sterilization, freeze–thaw cycles and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the thermodynamic stability, turbidity and lycopene concentration of the lycopene microemulsion were monitored.
RESULTS: Freeze–thaw cycles, pasteurization and short exposure to UV irradiation showed no or negligible influence on lycopene content and turbidity of the microemulsion. However, long exposure to UV (260 min) reduced the lycopene content and turbidity by 34% and 10%, respectively. HHST (higher-heat shorter-time) and sterilization also reduced lycopene content (25%) and increased turbidity (32%).
CONCLUSION: The lycopene microemulsion showed satisfactory stability over a processwhere itsmonodispersity and nanosize could be of potential advantage to the food and related industries. Regarding the carcinogenicity of synthetic colourants, potential applications of the lycopene microemulsion include in soft drinks and minced meat, which would result in a better colour and well-documented health-promoting qualities
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Encapsulation of ascorbyl palmitate in corn starch matrix by extrusion cooking: release behavior and antioxidant activity.
No full textThe main limitation associated with the oral delivery of ascorbyl palmitate, a potent food antioxidant, is its susceptibility to oxidative deterioration. The main objective of the current research was to encapsulate ascorbyl palmitate into corn starch matrix using extrusion cooking and evaluate its release behavior and oxidative stability. Results showed that ascorbyl palmitate was efficiently encapsulated (96.06–99.28%) in the starch matrix using the extrusion technique. The release behavior of ascorbyl palmitate from the extruded starch matrix during simulated upper gastrointestinal tract conditions was slow but steady (18.92–28.32% after 180 min) and presented a sustainable antioxidant activity. Acid treatment (pH 2.0) increased the release rate of ascorbyl palmitate from the extruded starch matrix. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of ascorbyl palmitate released from the extruded samples stored in both darkness and under UV radiation at 40 ◦C was found to be remarkably retained (p > 0.05) for up to three months
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Effect of ultrasonication on extraction yield, and the rheological and physicochemical characteristics of Mucuna sloanei gum
Full text linkMucuna sloanei flour is widely used as a thickening agent in Southern Nigerian cuisine, contributing to its texture and nutritional value. Additionally, it is gaining attention in pharmaceuticals for its health benefits, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and role in pharmaceutical formulation and controlled-release systems. However, there is a notable gap in the understanding of Mucuna gum extraction and its characterisation. This study investigated ultrasound-assisted extraction to improve gum extraction yield, as well as the physicochemical and rheological properties of M. sloanei gums. The ultrasound process improved extraction yields to 45.81 % and 47.09 % at 30 % and 60 % amplitudes, respectively, compared to 41.5 % for unsonicated extraction, reflecting enhancements of approximately 10.2 % and 13.3 % in yield while preserving or enhancing thermal properties. Thermal analysis indicated gelatinisation temperatures ranging from 92.12 to 103.40 °C, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) among gums. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that extracted gums exhibited higher degradation onset temperatures than raw flour, indicating enhanced thermal stability which seems promising for industrial application. Furthermore, sonication reduced levels of D-xylose, d-fructose, L-(+)-arabinose, and sorbitol. Viscoelastic testing showed that the extracted gums had reduced shear-thinning behaviour and greater yield stress than the flour, suggesting their effectiveness as binders and viscosifiers. These findings underscore the potential of Mucuna sloanei gum as a commercially viable thickener in food formulations where flour is predominantly used and in the pharmaceutical industry as a natural binder, disintegrant, and controlled-release agent. The study also highlights the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction as a scalable and sustainable method for gum extraction and modification
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