1,721,026 research outputs found
Biosecurity and Salmonella-related food safety challenges in poultry value chains in central Ethiopia
No full textEthiopia's poultry production sector, predominantly centered on chickens, is experiencing significant growth, especially in urban and peri-urban regions. However, this expansion is hampered by several constraints, notably diseases linked to inadequate biosecurity practices. This thesis investigates these challenges, with a particular focus on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella, and examines the broader implications for public health, biosecurity practices, and policy interventions. The study reveals that biosecurity practices in Ethiopian poultry farms are considerably below global standards. An assessment of 226 poultry farms in central Ethiopia showed an overall biosecurity score of 43.1%, compared to the global average of 64.3%. This inadequate biosecurity is consistent across different scales of poultry farms, highlighting a systemic issue. The biosecurity practices were also highly compromised in the poultry farm supporting facilities which are otherwise known as off farm facilities that include feed processing plants, hatcheries and slaughter houses. The research disclosed a high prevalence of Salmonella in both poultry farms and retail environments. An overall prevalence of 50.6% at the farm level and 14.4% at the sample level was observed. Additionally, the occurrence of Salmonella in poultry products from farms and retailer shops was 11.3%, indicating a significant food safety hazard. Furthermore, this study underscored a critical public health threat posed by antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella. The findings showed multi-drug resistance in Salmonella isolates to 10 out of the 12 tested antibiotics. This resistance can complicate treatment options and highlights the need for stringent antimicrobial stewardship in the poultry sector
Global risk mapping for major diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
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Milk processing in East Africa
No full textThis booklet explains the milk processing methods in East Africa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Editorial: Antimicrobial resistance in food-producing environments: a One Health approach
No full textThe One Health High-Level Expert panel comprised of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH; founded as OIE) defines One Health as “an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems. It recognizes that the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate change, and contributing to sustainable development.” (Mettenleiter et al., 2023). There is nothing more fitting than antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to the principles of One Health, which provides a framework for an interdisciplinary approach to dealing with this global challenge (FAO, 2016; Robinson et al., 2016; Lancet, 2023)
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