1,721,088 research outputs found
Vapor-phase processing of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for optical sensor integration
No full textAbstract: This thesis explores using vapor-phase thin film deposition methods to facilitate the integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into electronic devices. By developing all-vapor phase layer-by-layer deposition methods, a MOF-equivalent of atomic layer deposition has been achieved, a common technique in microfabrication. This method was further expanded by showing capabilities to allow area-selective deposition and control the degree of crystallographic orientation. Furthermore, the potential of these MOFs to function as reaction-mediated sensors for certain volatile compounds has been illustrated, and can be integrated with various transduction methods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Synthese van metaal-organische roosters als poeders en dunne films vanuit de dampfase
No full textMetal-organic frameworks are crystalline porous materials composed of metal ion nodes interconnected by organic linker molecules. Displaying uniform pores and record-breaking surface areas, MOFs are very attractive for both large-scale applications (e.g., adsorption, gas storage, catalysis) and high-value applications (e.g., gas sensors, low-k dielectrics). Suitable methods for their synthesis as powders and deposition as thin films on surfaces are necessary to realise their application potential. Conventional solvothermal processes present several compatibility issues, in particular with device microfabrication: use of toxic organic solvents, corrosion of electronic circuits, particle contamination,… which can be overcome through vapour-phase instead of solution-based processing.
Vapour-phase processing represents a major technological breakthrough in processing MOF materials. Several solvent-free or vapour-assisted powder synthesis procedures exist. However, it was only recently that a MOF was successfully deposited as thin film entirely from the vapour-phase. The method, called MOF chemical vapour deposition (MOF-CVD), was only demonstrated for a prototypical MOF based on zinc ions and imidazolate linkers.
In this work, vapour-phase powder synthesis and MOF-CVD were expanded to materials based on other chemistries, including zinc (bipyridyl-)imidazolates, copper and aluminium dicarboxylates. For the first time, thin films of a mesoporous crystalline material, or with preferential crystallite orientation on the surface, were deposited entirely from the vapour-phase. These achievements were made possible through the use of novel types of reaction chambers allowing control on reaction temperature and atmosphere composition, and through extensive in and ex situ material characterization using conventional and advanced methods, in some cases for the first time.status: Publishe
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cyclic Plasma Halogenation of Amorphous Carbon for Defect-Free Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Oxide
No full textAs critical dimensions in integrated circuits continue to shrink, the lithography-based alignment of adjacent patterned layers becomes more challenging. Area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows circumventing the alignment issue by exploiting the chemical contrast of the exposed surfaces. In this work, we investigate the selective deposition of TiO2 by plasma halogenation of amorphous carbon (a-C:H) acting as a growth-inhibiting layer. On a-C:H, a CF4 or Cl2 plasma forms a thin halogenated layer that suppresses the growth of TiO2, while nucleation remains unaffected on plasma-treated SiO2. The same halogenating plasmas preferentially etch TiO2 nuclei over films and thus enable the restoration of the halogenated surface of amorphous carbon. By embedding the intermediate plasma treatments in the ALD TiO2 sequence, an 8 nm TiO2 layer could be deposited with a selectivity of 0.998. The application of the cyclic process on a 60 nm half-pitch line pattern resulted in the defect-free deposition of TiO2 at the bottom of the trenches. Cyclic fluorination demonstrated better growth inhibition compared to chlorination due to more efficient defect removal and retention of the favorable surface composition during plasma exposure. While exploring the TiO2 nucleation defects at the limit of detection for conventional elemental analysis techniques (<1 × 1014 at/cm2), we additionally highlight the value of imaging techniques such as atomic force microscopy for understanding defect formation mechanisms and accurately assessing growth selectivity.sponsorship: The authors would like to thank Thierry Conard, Alexis Franquet, Hugo Bender, and other members of MCA group (imec) for their help with the characterization of the samples. The authors acknowledge imec's industrial affiliation program on nano-interconnects and imec's p-line for support in manufacturing of the patterned test wafers. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 716472, acronym VAPORE, and grant agreement no. 875577, acronym LOKMOF). The authors acknowledge the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen) for projects G85720N, 1501618N, G0E6319N, and G0H0716N and KU Leuven for the research project C32/18/056. (European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program|716472, European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program|875577, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen)|G85720N, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen)|1501618N, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen)|G0E6319N, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen)|G0H0716N, KU Leuven|C32/18/056, European Research Council (ERC)|875577)status: Publishe
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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