1,720,963 research outputs found
Isolation and molecular characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, their antimicrobial susceptibility Patterns and associated risk factors in diarrheic calves and Children at wolaita sodo town, southern ethiopia
No full textPathogenic E. coli strains cause diarrheal infection in both calves and children due to their
virulence factors.Their distribution is not well studied in Ethiopia, especially in current study
area. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to June 2018, with
aim to isolate, molecularly detect pathogenic E. coli strains, to determine their antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors in diarrheic calves and children at Wolaita
Sodo town. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 88 feacal samples from
diarrheic calves and 110 stool samples from diarrheic children. Semi-structured questionnaire,
conventional culture, biochemical and molecular methods were conducted to achieve the
objectives. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were tested using the KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. All of the data were analysed using logistic regression in SPSS
vertion 20. The overall isolation rate of E. coli in calves was 64.8% (57/88) (95% CI: 53.9-
74.7%). The occurrence of the bacterium differed significantly by age and colostrum feeding
time (P<0.05). The odds of being infected was highest in calves aged below two weeks (OR
4.3; 95% CI 34.8- 56.4%; P=0.001). The overall isolation rate of E. coli in children was
61.8% (68/110) (95% CI: 52.1-70.9%). The occurrence of the bacterium differed
significantly by age, contact with either animals or manure, negligence to hand washing
before meal and exclusive breast feeding in six month (P<0.05). The odds of being infected
was highest in children whose caretakers had habit of negligence to hand washing before meal
(OR 6; 95% CI 30.8- 49.8%; P=0.01). For eleven drugs, E. coli isolates were resistant to
(62.5%, 61.9%), intermidiately resistant to (3.5%, 9.4%) and susceptible to (34%, 28.7%) in
calves and children, respectively. The overall virulent genes detected in calves and children
was 77.2% (44/57) (95% CI 53.9-74.7%); and 55.9% (38/68) (95% CI 52.1%-70.9%),
respectively. Among these stx1 [8 (14%), 6 (8.8%)] stx2, [5 (8.8%), 4 (5.9%)], eaeA [8
(14%), 5 (7.4%)], eaat [6 (10.5%), 14 (20.5%)] and St [5 (8.8%), 4 (5.9%)] were detected
from calves and children, respectively. The MDR for E. coli isolates and their strains was 34
(59.7%) and 31 (70.5%), respectively in calves and 43 (63.2%) and 38 (100%) respectively in
children.The MDR index value of DEC pathotypes was greater than or equal to 0.4 which
indicates the high risk of resistance.The study demonstrated important pathogenic E. coli
strains; and multi-drug resistance mostly in isolates containing more than one virulent gene.
Wise use of antimicrobials and improving the hygienic practices in the farms and amongst
parents of children reduces its occurrence.Therefore, awareness on importance of exclusive
breast feeding to parents of children and colostrums feeding time for calves to farm owners
should be maximized. Appropriate usage of antimicrobial agents should also be highly
practiced among farms and hospital
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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