1,216 research outputs found
Finite sample econometrics / Aman Ullah.
No full texteconomic&political bookfair2015Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-225) and index.x, 230 pages
Nonparametric and Semiparametric Panel Econometric Models: Estimation and Testing
Full text linkA. Ullah and D.E.A. Giles (eds), pp. 455-497</p
Semiparametric estimation of partially linear dynamic panel data models with fixed effects
Full text linkPublished in Essays in Honor of Aman Ullah https://doi.org/10.1108/S0731-905320160000036014</p
Keeping their own and integrating the other: medicinal plant use among Ormurs and Pathans in South Waziristan, Pakistan
Full text linkBackgroundIn multicultural societies, traditional knowledge among minorities faces several challenges. Minority groups often face difficult situations living in specific peripheral geographies and striving to retain their biocultural heritage, including medicinal plant knowledge and practices. Folk medicinal plant knowledge is a dynamic eco-cultural complex influenced by various environmental, socio-cultural, and political factors. Examining medicinal plant knowledge among minorities has been an increasingly popular topic in cross-cultural ethnobiology. It also helps understand the dynamics of local/traditional ecological knowledge (LEK/TEK) change within a given community. The current study was designed to investigate the status of medicinal plant knowledge among two linguistic groups, i.e. Ormurs and Pathans, living in a remote valley of West Pakistan.MethodsWe recruited 70 male study participants from the studied groups for semi-structured interviews to record the medicinal plant use of their communities. Data were compared among the two studied communities using the stacked charts employing the presence or absence of data with Past 4.03 and Venn diagrams. Use reports (URs) were counted for each recorded taxon.Results and DiscussionA total of seventy-four medicinal plants were quoted as used as ethnomedicines by the researched communities. Most of the reported plants were used to treat digestive and liver problems. The cross-cultural comparison revealed a considerable homogeneity of medicinal plant knowledge (the two groups commonly used more than seventy plants); however, comparing uses recorded for the widely utilised medicinal plants showed numerous idiosyncratic uses among Ormurs but very few among Pathans. Ormurs reported a higher number of cultivated, wild, and imported plant uses than did Pathans. These results indicate that, compared to Pathans, the Ormur linguistic minority retain more folk medicinal plant knowledge, which may be explained by the fact that they have incorporated different folk remedies: their "own knowledge" plus that of Pathans, with whom they have lived together for centuries. Moreover, the local plant nomenclature among Ormurs was highly affected by the plant nomenclature of Pathans.ConclusionThe current study revealed that living together for a few centuries has not implied sharing plant knowledge (as the Pathans do not seem to have learnt from the Ormurs) or, in other words, that plant knowledge exchanges have been unidirectional. The findings show that the Pashto dominant culture may have possibly put pressure on the minority groups and affected local plant-centred cultural practices, as we see in the case of local plant nomenclature hybridisation among Omuri speakers. Hence, it is imperative to employ diverse educational strategies to revitalise the decline of medicinal plant knowledge in the studied communities, especially among Ormurs, who need more attention as they face more challenges than the other group. Locally based strategies should be devised to restore the fading connection with nature, which will be advantageous for revitalising plant knowledge
The Commutative Effect and Casuality of Openness and Indigenous Factors Among World Economies
Full text linkThe paper studies the commutative and causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their commutative effect and causality. The empirical findings show that there is a positive and significant static effect of openness on indigenous factors and vice versa; however the latter is larger. There are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa.Openness, indigeneity, panel data model, commutative effect, causality
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Three Essays on Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing
Full text linkNonparametric approaches have widely been used due to their advancement in not making assumptions on the distribution of the data. Even with their extensive development, nonparametric hypothesis testing has not been developed as much as a nonparametric estimation even though it is one of the key components of the econometric analysis. This dissertation has mainly two parts. I first explore the systematic development of the current nonparametric tests and provide results on testing linearity as an illustration. Then I develop new nonparametric tests for detecting endogeneity in cross-sectional data and panel data respectively.Elaborating each test's performance can be meaningful in that we can decide which test to use depending on the hypothesis and even construct a new test based on such a relationship. Under the hypotheses for linearity, Chapter 2 will categorize the types of nonparametric tests and discuss the analytical relationship of those tests. By imposing some conditions, I can compare the local power of each test asymptotically. While examining the analytical relationship, I develop a nonparametric Rao-Score test and show it to be equivalent to the Su and Ullah (2013) test. Once analyzing the analytical relationship of the current nonparametric tests, I focus on developing a new nonparametric test for endogeneity. Since endogeneity is commonly observed in many economic contexts, detecting its presence is a preliminary step for choosing an estimation strategy. In Chapter 3, I construct a test using the control function approach under a triangular simultaneous equations model. My test can be summarized as being simple to implement as a test and being able to capture the locally nonlinear correlation with kernel weighting. Furthermore, I will apply these tests to the empirical analyses and show the contradicting results with the parametric test. Not only in triangular simulation equations model, but also is endogeneity important model specification issue in panel data setting. The estimation strategy differs depending on the presence of endogeneity between the individual specific effects and the variable. I propose a new estimation method for the nonparametric panel random effects model and construct a new test for endogeneity using the residuals from the proposed estimation method. By obtaining the individual specific effects in the random effects model, I construct a test over the i index instead of the i index and time. With a large T, the test performs well in terms of size and power
The commutative effect and causality of openness and indigenous factors among world economies
Full text linkThe paper studies the commutative and causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their commutative effect and causality. The empirical findings show that there is a positive and significant static effect of openness on indigenous factors and vice versa; however the latter is larger. There are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa
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