1,721,021 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Radiofrequency pulse design with parallel transmission for uniform large slab selections and their application to Time-Of-Flight MR angiography of the human brain at 7T
No full textL’IRM à ultra haut champ (UHC) donne accès à une résolution spatiale submillimétrique rendant possible la visualisation de structures plus fines qu’en IRM classique. Depuis quelques années, son potentiel s’est développé dans des laboratoires tels que NeuroSpin, au sein du CEA, qui a l’ambition d’étudier l’anatomie et le fonctionnement du cerveau à une échelle mésoscopique. Toutefois, pour des champs magnétiques supérieurs à 3T, le champ radiofréquence (RF) permettant d’exciter les protons de l’eau a une longueur d’onde inférieure à la dimension de la tête humaine, provoquant des phénomènes d’interférences destructives dans le cerveau. Ceux-ci s’accentuent avec l’augmentation du champ statique, engendrant sur les images des inhomogénéités de signal ou de contraste, qui empêchent d’exploiter tout le potentiel de l’imagerie UHC. Pour améliorer la pertinence des diagnostics cliniques, à défaut de pouvoir homogénéiser le champ RF dans tout le cerveau, il est essentiel de réussir à uniformiser l’excitation des spins. Dans ce but, un système de transmission parallèle (pTx) à 8 canaux a été intégré à l’imageur 7T du laboratoire. Il permet d’émettre sur chaque canal des formes d’impulsions RF différentes, à optimiser pour faire interférer le champ RF produit dans le cerveau de manière plus contrôlée que dans le mode classique à un seul canal d’émission. Ces travaux de thèse consistent à mettre au point des impulsions RF utilisant la pTx pour sélectionner des tranches d’excitation uniforme, et à les appliquer à l’angiographie du cerveau humain à 7T. A UHC, la méthode la plus courante pour homogénéiser l’angle de bascule de l’aimantation dans une coupe consiste à générer consécutivement plusieurs impulsions sélectives optimisées, appelées « spokes », à différentes positions du plan transverse à la coupe dans l’espace de Fourier de transmission. Si elle convient pour uniformiser l’excitation dans le plan de coupe, cette méthode est moins performante pour la sélection de larges tranches car les inhomogénéités de champ RF ne sont alors pas prises en compte dans l’épaisseur de tranche. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, deux méthodes originales de conception d’impulsions RF sélectives sont introduites et explorées pour uniformiser l’excitation de larges tranches : celle des « kT-spokes » qui optimise le placement des spokes dans les 3 dimensions de l’espace de Fourier de transmission, et celle des « spokes 3D » qui génère des impulsions RF optimisées point par point dans le temps. Ces techniques ont été validées avec succès sur des fantômes à 7T et ont permis de surpasser l’état de l’art en termes d’homogénéisation de l’angle de bascule pour la sélection de larges tranches. Dans un deuxième temps, ces méthodes ont été appliquées à la séquence d’angiographie 3D en temps de vol afin d’améliorer la visualisation du réseau artériel dans le cerveau humain à 7T. Cependant, lorsque les tranches sélectionnées sont larges, cette séquence est aussi sensible aux effets de saturation du sang qui empêchent d’apprécier la totalité du réseau artériel avec les profils de tranche d’angles de bascule plats habituels. Pour corriger ce phénomène, les impulsions RF à rampes sont proposées dans l’état de l’art, générant des profils d’angle de bascule qui augmentent avec l’épaisseur de la tranche. Les méthodes de conception d’impulsions RF développées ici ont ainsi été adaptées pour générer ce type de profils et permettre de compenser la saturation du sang avec succès dans les acquisitions à 7T. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis d’ouvrir la voie à une nouvelle application à NeuroSpin puisque l’angiographie n’y avait pas encore été explorée malgré le fort potentiel des UHC pour cette modalité. En outre, les méthodes développées au cours de ces travaux permettent l’excitation simultanée de tranches homogènes, constituant ainsi une perspective prometteuse pour accélérer les acquisitions et repousser les limites de résolution spatiale de l’angiographie en temps de vol à 7T.Ultra-high field (UHF) MRI allows submillimetric spatial resolution in order to depict finer structures compared to conventional MRI. In recent years, the UHF potential has been explored in laboratories such as NeuroSpin, at Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), to study brain anatomy and function at a mesoscopic scale. However, for high magnetic field strengths (> 3 Tesla), the radiofrequency (RF) field required to excite the water protons has a wavelength shorter than the size of the human head, causing destructive interferences in the brain. These increase with the static field strength leading to signal or contrast inhomogeneity artefacts on brain images, hindering the UHF benefits. However, failing to homogenize the RF field produced in the brain does not preclude from homogenizing the spin excitation to improve image quality and perform better clinical diagnosis. For this purpose, NeuroSpin’s 7T scanner has been equipped with an 8-channel parallel transmission system allowing to transmit independent optimized RF shapes on each channel in order to better control RF field interferences than in conventional single transmit channel. This thesis work focuses on RF pulse design strategies using parallel transmission to select slabs uniformly and on their applications to magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the human brain at 7T. In the UHF context, the most common method to homogenize the magnetization flip angle in a slice consists in combining several consecutive optimized selective excitations, so-called “spokes” subpulses, in different locations of the plane transverse to the slice in transmit k-space. Even though this method succeeds in homogenizing the in-plane excitation, its performance is not optimal in large slabs because through-slab RF inhomogeneities are not taken into account. In a first step, two original selective pulse design methods are introduced and explored to homogenize large slab selections: the “kT-spoke” method which optimizes the spoke placements in the three dimensions of the transmit k-space, and the “3D spokes” which consist in optimizing the RF subpulses point by point in time. These methods have been successfully validated in phantoms at 7T and surpassed the state of the art performance in terms of flip angle homogeneity in large slab selections. In a second step, these methods are applied to 3D Time-Of-Flight (TOF) MR angiography to improve the visualization of the arterial network in the human brain at 7T. As most MRI sequences, TOF is particularly sensitive to RF field heterogeneities. Moreover, for large uniform slab excitation, blood saturation effects prevent the depiction of the arterial network before slab exit. To correct for these effects, ramp RF pulses are proposed in the state-of-the-art, generating ascending flip angle profiles through the slab. The RF pulse design methods developed hereby were adapted to generate these profiles, successfully compensating blood saturation in 7T acquisitions. This work paves the way to a new clinical application at NeuroSpin, where MR angiography had not been explored yet, despite the high benefit of UHF for this modality. In addition, the methods developed hereby were also adapted for simultaneous multi-slice excitations. This allows promising perspectives to accelerate acquisitions and push further away the limits of TOF angiography in terms of spatial resolution
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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