299 research outputs found
Taxonomic novelties in Cyclodium (Dryopteridaceae) and a key to the species with free veins
No full textBackground – Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus comprising about ten species. Most species are found in northern South America, and the foothills of the Guiana Shield is an important region for species diversification. Our phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of the genus demonstrated the need to describe a new species and to recognize a variety at species level.Methods – This study is based on herbarium specimens from CAY, HUA, INPA, MBM, NY, P, RB, UC, UFP, UPCB, and US. Morphological characters were analyzed using standard procedures. The indumentum and spores of the new species were studied using a scanning electron microscope. Species delimitation is proposed based on our preliminary phylogenetic studies, as well as on morphology and geographical distribution.Key results – Cyclodium alansmithii Bohn & Labiak is recognized as a new species, described, and illustrated. The most similar species is Cyclodium inerme (Fée) A.R.Sm., from which it differs by ovate-lanceolate and bicolored scales, reduced fronds, truncate pinna bases, and non-ciliate indusia. Cyclodium alansmithii is currently assessed as Endangered (EN) using IUCN criteria, but more fieldwork and herbarium studies are necessary to establish a more accurate conservation assessment. Cyclodium trianae (Mett.) A.R.Sm. var. chocoense A.R.Sm. is here elevated to species rank. A key to species of Cyclodium with free veins is provided
Padrões de diversidade de samambaias e licófitas da mata atlântica
No full textOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Marcia Cristina Mendes MarquesCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Henrique Labiak EvangelistaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa : Curitiba, 04/06/2024Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Ecologia e ConservaçãoResumo: A biodiversidade engloba toda a variação em sistemas biológicos, desde o nível molecular até o ecossistêmico, e seu estudo é crucial nas áreas da ecologia e biogeografia. Abordagens recentes propõem a consideração de múltiplas dimensões da biodiversidade, como a taxonômica, funcional e filogenética, para uma compreensão mais holística e apropriada em ações de conservação. Além disso, a avaliação de diferentes componentes da biodiversidade (alfa, beta e gama) são cruciais para compreender diferentes aspectos dos padrões de diversidade e seus determinantes. Samambaias e licófitas são duas linhagens distintas de plantas vasculares que compartilham muitas características morfológicas, fisiológicas e funcionais. A Mata Atlântica é uma região interessante para estes grupos, dada a grande riqueza e endemismo encontrados no bioma, associados ao histórico climático e geológico da região, além da grande variabilidade ambiental. Nesta tese, descrevemos os padrões de distribuição e diferentes dimensões da diversidade de samambaias e licófitas da Mata Atlântica, além de avaliar os impactos das mudanças climáticas e a efetividade das Unidades de Conservação em proteger a diversidade. No Capítulo 1, demonstramos que a riqueza e tamanho de distribuição de samambaias e licófitas são associadas a variáveis climáticas e ecológicas. Identificamos que regiões com alta diversidade e com espécies com tamanho de distribuição reduzidos estão concentradas na área central do bioma. Além disso, Unidades de Conservação são insuficientes em proteger essas regiões. No Capítulo 2, revelamos que a composição de espécies de samambaias e licófitas muda entre ecorregiões da Mata Atlântica. A substituição de espécies foi mais importante em explicar dissimilaridades na composição de espécies considerando toda a Mata Atlântica e dentro de cada ecorregião. No entanto, o aninhamento foi mais importante em explicar mudanças na composição entre ecorregiões. Diferentes combinações de variáveis climáticas, edáficas e distância geográfica explicaram os padrões de beta diversidade, evidenciando a importância em compreender os processos ecológicos e evolutivos que causam os padrões de biodiversidade. No Capítulo 3, demonstramos que as dimensões taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de samambaias ao longo da Mata Atlântica são concordantes apenas em algumas regiões. Destacamos a importância das ecorregiões da Costa e Interior da Bahia, por comportarem uma grande parte de alta diversidade para todas as dimensões. Identificamos uma diminuição nas diversidades taxonômica e filogenética, e um aumento na diversidade funcional em cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas. Discutimos como esses resultados apontam para um processo de homogeneização das comunidades de samambaias e a consequente diminuição da sua resistência. Esse resultado é especialmente importante quando combinado com a baixa proteção por Unidades de Conservação para todas as dimensões da diversidade. Esta tese apresenta novas informações sobre a diversidade e distribuição de samambaias e licófitas, evidenciando, principalmente, os diferentes padrões encontrados entre as linhagens e a alta ameaça que as mudanças climáticas representam para a diversidade destes organismos da Mata Atlântica.Abstract: Biodiversity encompasses all variation in biological systems, from the molecular to the ecosystem level, and its study is crucial in the fields of ecology and biogeography. Recent approaches propose considering multiple dimensions of biodiversity, such as taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic, for a more holistic understanding and appropriate application in conservation actions. Moreover, evaluating different components of biodiversity (alpha, beta, and gamma) is critical in understanding various aspects of diversity patterns and their determinants. Ferns and lycophytes are two distinct lineages of vascular plants that share many morphological, physiological, and functional characteristics. The Atlantic Forest is an interesting region for these groups, given the great richness and endemism found in the biome, mainly associated with the historical climatic and geological background, as well as the great environmental variability. In this thesis, we describe the distribution patterns and different dimensions of diversity of ferns and lycophytes in the Atlantic Forest, as well as evaluate the impacts of climate change and the effectiveness of protected areas in conserving diversity. In Chapter 1, we demonstrate that the richness and range sizes of ferns and lycophytes are associated with climatic and ecological variables. We identify regions with high diversity and with small-ranged species concentrated in the central area of the biome. Furthermore, protected areas are insufficient in conserving diversity within this region. In Chapter 2, we reveal that the species composition of ferns and lycophytes changes between ecoregions of the Atlantic Forest. Turnover was more important in explaining dissimilarities in species composition across the entire Atlantic Forest and within each ecoregion. However, nestedness was more important in explaining changes in composition between ecoregions. Different combinations of climatic, edaphic, and geographic distance variables explained the patterns of beta diversity, highlighting the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that cause biodiversity patterns. In Chapter 3, we show that the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions of ferns along the Atlantic Forest are only concordant in some regions. We highlight the importance of the Coastal and Interior ecoregions of Bahia, as they harbor a significant part of high diversity for all dimensions. We identify a decrease in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities, and an increase in functional diversity in future climate change scenarios. We discuss how these results may indicate a process of homogenization of fern communities and the consequent decrease in their resilience. This result is especially important when combined with the low protection by protected areas for all diversity dimensions. This thesis presents new insights into the diversity and distribution of ferns and lycophytes, highlighting, in particular, the different patterns found among lineages and the high threat that climate changes represent for the diversity of these organisms in the Atlantic Forest
Filogenia e evolução de caracteres do gênero de samambaias Cyclodium C. Presl (Dryopteridaceae)
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo H. Labiak EvangelistaCoorientador: Dr. Fernando Bittencourt MatosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/03/2019.Inclui referências: p. 147-149.Resumo: Cyclodium é um gênero de samambaias leptosporangiadas da família Dryopteridaceae, caracterizado morfologicamente por suas frondes férteis e estéreis geralmente dimorfas, soros arredondados, e indúsios peltados. A maioria das espécies é terrestre e sua distribuição é exclusivamente neotropical, ocorrendo desde o Panamá e Trindade até a Argentina, Paraguai e sudeste do Brasil. Cyclodium pertence ao clado das samambaias polibotrióides, composto principalmente por plantas hemiepifíticas e com frondes dimorfas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são investigar as relações filogenéticas das espécies de Cyclodium e do gênero com outros grupos de Dryopteridaceae, a evolução de 12 caracteres morfológicos e do hábito, além de atualizar a taxonomia para o gênero. A análise filogenética foi conduzida através de cinco sequências de DNA cloroplastidial (rbcL, rps4- trnS, trnG-trnR, psbA-trnH e trnP-petG), utilizado os métodos Bayesiano e de Máxima Verossimilhança. A análise incluiu 24 terminais de Cyclodium (78% das espécies e variedades anteriormente descritas por Smith). Os resultados demonstram que Cyclodium é monofilético e grupo irmão de Polybotrya. Além disto, C. calophyllum, C. heterodon, C. inerme, C. meniscioides, C. trianae var. trianae e C. trianae var. chocoense são monofiléticas. Quatro caracteres morfológicos foram úteis para suportar a monofilia de alguns grupos: indúsio peltado para o gênero; a ausência de escamas na face abaxial da costa para C. alansmithii e C. inerme; esporos com a perina perfurada para C. heterodon, C. alansmithii, C. inerme, C. akawaiorum, C. meniscioides, C. calophyllum, C. guianense, and C. rheophilum, e reverte para não perfurado em C. guianense e C. inerme; dimorfismo das frondes férteis e estéreis e ápice conforme para C. akawaiorum e C. meniscioides. Na revisão do gênero, reconhecemos 13 espécies de Cyclodium, considerando as novidades taxonômicas que foram propostas como as espécies novas C. alansmithii e C. pubescens, a mudança de status de variedade para espécie da variedade de C. trianae, e a união das variedades de C. heterodon e C. meniscioides no táxon de origem. Foram designados lectótipos para C. calophyllum, C. guianense e C. meniscioides.Abstract: Cyclodium is a leptosporangiate fern genus that belongs to Dryopteridaceae, morphologically characterized by its usually dimorphic fertile-sterile fronds, round sori, and peltate indusia. Most of species are terrestrial and it is exclusively neotropical, occurring from Panama and Trinidad to Argentina, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil. Cyclodium belongs to the polybotryoid clade, which is mostly represented by hemiepiphytic plants with dimorphic fronds. The goals of this study are to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Cyclodium species and between the genus with other groups of Dryopteridaceae, the character evolution of 12 morphological characters, and growth habit, besides to update the taxonomy of the genus. The phylogeny was built using five cloroplastidial DNA (rbcL, rps4-trnS, trnGtrnR, psbA-trnH, and trnP-petG), under the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis included 24 Cyclodium terminals (78% of species and varieties previously described by Smith). The results show that the genus is monophyletic and sister to Polybotrya. Furthermore, C. calophyllum, C. heterodon, C. inerme, C. meniscioides, C. trianae var. trianae and C. trianae var. chocoense are monophyletic. Four morphoplogical characters were useful to support the monophyly of certain groups: peltate indusium for Cyclodium; the absence of scales on costae abaxially for C. alansmithii and C. inerme; perforated perine of spores for C. heterodon, C. alansmithii, C. inerme, C. akawaiorum, C. meniscioides, C. calophyllum, C. guianense, and C. rheophilum, whitch reverts to non-perforated in C. guianense and C. inerme; sterile-fertile fronds dimorphism and conform apex for C. akawaiorum and C. meniscioides. On the genus revision, we recognized 13 species of Cyclodium, including the taxonomic novelties proposed, as the new species C. alansmithii and C. pubescens, the variety C. trianae raising status to species, and the lumping of the varieties of C. heterodon and C. meniscioides in the autonymic taxon. Lectotypes were designated to C. calophyllum, C. guianense and C. meniscioides
Thoughts on the Importance of the Meso Perspective: the “ Plattform Produktives Stadtgrün” / Gedanken zur Bedeutung der Mesoperspektive: „Plattform Produktives Stadtgrün“
No full textInvited to contribute to a book section on Berlin, Katrin Bohn thinks about the importance of a middle ground between the big pressing macro questions of climate change and the micro spaces of individual food system activities. She writes: ‘Judging by the realities of environmental degradation, traditional urban planning has failed. Concerns of experts have not been sufficiently acknowledged. It requires a middle ground—a meso perspective—to better enable conversation between the various urban stakeholders and bring about widely supported and lasting change. How can this be initiated? In a time of social media, the author proposes to look at a recently developed tool for information, communication, networking, and—ultimately—urban planning’.Bohn uses the Plattform Produktives Stadtgrün [Plattform Productive Urban Green], a Berlin-based interactive online tool developed in a collaboration between the local council, local community gardeners and external experts, including Katrin, to illustrate such a meso perspective.The book Urban Open Space + is edited by Carolin Mees and published by Jovis. Subtitled Strategies inbetween architecture and open space planning, the bi-lingual publication (English/German) explores ‘commonly used and designed open spaces [as] anchor points in the city and a possible response to the consequences of urbanization and climate change, as well as to the presence of social and cultural differences’
Caracterização da Butirilcolinesterase e análise do efeito de metais pesados na atividade e formas moleculares da enzima em peixes Hoplias intermedius
No full textOrientadora : Lupe Furtado AlleCoorientadora: Luciane Viater TureckMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológica
Plates by George Cruikshank from The works of Henry Fielding: complete in one volume with the memoir of the author
No full textCruikshank's plates from The works of Henry Fielding: complete in one volume with the memoir of the author / by Thomas Roscoe. Illus. by George Cruikshank.1116 p. front., [22] leaves of plates : ill. ; 24 cm
Views of nature, or, Contemplations on the sublime phenomena of creation : with scientific illustrations / by Alexander von Humboldt ; translated from the German by E.C. Otté and Henry G. Bohn ; with a frontispiece from a sketch by the author, a fac-simile of his handwriting, and a comprehensive index.
No full textMarietta Robusti, La Tintoretta: a critical discussion of a Venetian pittrice
No full textMarietta Robusti, known also as Marietta Tintoretta, is recognized today primarily as a beloved pupil of her famous father, Jacopo Tintoretto. Before her premature death around 1590, Robusti earned international fame for her painted portraits and was praised by contemporary biographers. Though she was never granted the opportunity to practice autonomously outside of her father’s workshop, her role within it was multifaceted, working as an assistant, a portraitist, and most likely a model. Robusti was one of the earliest examples of a new but growing tradition of female painters being trained by their fathers in Cinquecento Italy. Robusti’s artistic legacy, however, is established by her biographers in terms of virtuous qualities pertaining to her gender and the adoration of her father rather than artistic achievement. As a result, no extant works by Robusti are securely known today. Chapter one discusses Marietta Robusti and the Tintoretto bottega, along with the rise of women artists in Cinquecento Venice and Renaissance constructs of feminine virtu in early modern biographies. The second chapter critically considers Robusti’s historiography, with specific attention to her earliest biographers and their gendered treatment of Robusti and her work. Chapter two also examines the trend of collecting works by women artists as curiosities. Chapter three includes a critical discussion of Robusti’s highly disputed oeuvre and range of paintings documented in collection history
Domenico Piola and his drawings: a study of his fresco preparations
No full textOne of the leading artists in late seventeenth-century Genoa, Domenico Piola (1627-1703) created and maintained his own successful and highly organized workshop, “Casa Piola.” Piola and his Casa Piola completed grand illusionistic interiors for noble residences through the unification of painting, sculpture, and architectural adornment, catering to the Genoese patronage’s taste for the ornate. Piola’s artistic production also includes a large number of drawings (some 4000) that drastically outnumber his paintings and frescos. These drawings display a careful and methodical technique utilized in preparing works in a variety of media from fabrics to frescoes. Using Piola’s five known preparatory drawings for his Allegory of Winter and Allegory of Autumn frescoes as a case study, this thesis will study Piola’s process of fresco design and argue that he used drawings to develop ideas that are reused and reworked in both final fresco compositions. My first chapter contextualizes Domenico Piola and his Casa Piola within seventeenth-century Genoese visual culture and highlights piolesque production’s inherent ties to the local aristocratic decoration. This introductory chapter traces the artist’s development from his early training through his rise to a prominent position in the city.The second chapter provides an overview of Piola’s draftsmanship, emphasizing his large output of highly finished compositional studies, often as iterations of similar subject matter. With comparisons to drawings by earlier influential Genoese artists such as Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and Valerio Castello, I explore Piola’s corpus of drawings as indicative of the larger Genoese drawing tradition of full compositional designs. My third chapter examines Piola’s use of preparatory drawings for his frescoed Allegory of Autumn and Allegory of Winter decorations in the piano nobile of the Palazzo Rosso. Not completely corresponding to the final frescoes, Piola’s drawings show how he experiments with ideas through drawings, actively reworking elements to create innovative compositions that are not conceived until their final iteration in fresco. At various states of finish, these drawings show his specific approach to fresco design, while also continuing to design in complete compositional entities
Inclusión y exclusión monetaria
No full textEste artículo explora la relación entre el medio dinero y el análisis de los mecanismos de inclusión y exclusión. En la actualidad tales mecanismos siguen una lógica de inclusión plural o múltiple, opuesta a la asimilación. En una economía monetaria plenamente desarrollada, el dinero y la propiedad han surgido como estructuras regulativas para la participación en la práctica económica. De este modo, discutiendo el enfoque de Luhmann, se traza aquí una distinción entre el cen tro, la semiperiferia y la periferia del sistema económico. Mientras el medio dinero incluye al conjunto de la población, en la periferia de la economía, a través del consumo, este artículo busca evidenciar que el mecanismo de inclusión en el centro es la capacidad crediticia. Puede demostrarse que en su configuración histórica, la forma del crédito está organizada de un modo dual: para obtener una ganancia y para promover la inclusión social. En este sentido, los microcréditos son analizados como una forma global de inclusión que no se basa en la distinción pobre/ric
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