1,721,001 research outputs found
The Fatigue Behaviour of Tension Lap Spliced Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Fibre Reinforced Polymer Wrapping
No full textMany reinforced concrete structures containing lap splices were constructed before modern bond and fatigue design codes came into existence and are subjected to fatigue loading, which may lead to a bond failure even when the applied load is far below the ultimate load for a bond failure under a monotonic loading. Fatigue loads result in a deterioration of the bond interaction between the steel and concrete and interrupt the force transfer mechanism resulting in an increased deflection, an increased number of cracks and their widths, and a decreased load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete elements of structures. Some of these structures require strengthening to enhance their bond strength at lap splices.
This study was aimed at increasing our understanding of the behaviour of the bond between the steel bar and the concrete along the lap splice region for structures subjected to cyclic loading. An additional aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fatigue loading on the bond between concrete and steel, and the ability of the new high and low modulus fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets to enhance the fatigue performance of a tension lap splice.
Fifty three beams were cast and tested under monotonic and fatigue loading. The beams dimensions were 2200 mm in length, 350 mm in height and 250 mm in width. Each beam was reinforced with two 20M bars lap spliced in the constant moment region of the tension zone and two 10M bars in the compression zone outside the constant moment region. The test variables were the concrete cover, the presence or absence of FRP wrapping, the type of the FRP wrapping glass or carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP or CFRP), the type of loading and the fatigue load range. The minimum load applied was 10% of the static bond capacity of the specimen. The maximum load was varied to obtain fatigue lives between 1,000 and 1,000,000 cycles. The test frequency for all cyclic tests was 1.3 Hz.
The results of the tests under monotonic load showed that the GFRP wrapped beams had an increase in bond strength of approximately 25% compared to the unwrapped beams for each of the concrete covers. However, the CFRP wrapped beams had a percentage increase in bond strength that decreased as the concrete cover increased. The CFRP wrapped beams had increases in bond strength of 71%, 60% and 44% compared to the unwrapped beams for concrete covers of 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm, respectively.
The results of the tests under fatigue load showed that all beams failed by a bond failure except for those beams that exceeded the fatigue life limits for a longitudinal bar. As expected, these beams failed by fatigue rupture of the longitudinal steel bars. The GFRP and CFRP sheets increased the fatigue strength (measured as the applied load range for a given fatigue life) of the wrapped beams for all concrete covers compared to that of the unwrapped beams. The longitudinal splitting cracks for the FRP wrapped beams were finer in width and larger in number compared to those cracks for the unwrapped beams.
A crack growth model was developed to calculate the fatigue life of the bond specimens and to calculate the slip and the deflection due to stress changes in the steel and concrete due to cracking, and compare it to the measured slip and deflection. There is also a good agreement between the calculated number of cycles with the actual fatigue data for all different wrapping conditions and all different concrete cover thicknesses. Also, only a small amount of the inelastic slip and the inelastic deflection are due to the stress changes in the steel and concrete due to splitting cracking. The remaining inelastic slip and inelastic deflection which are due to deformation of the concrete in front of the steel rebar lugs is much larger
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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