1,720,959 research outputs found
Actuality Entailments, negation, and free choice inferences
Get PDFIn some languages, (certain) root modals license Actuality Entailments (AEs) when they are perfective-marked. We discuss two puzzling properties of these constructions: (i) when AE-licensing modals are negated, the result entails the negation of actuality, and (ii) when AE-licensing modals embed disjunctions, no Free Choice inferences are available. We develop an account of (i) and show that, given an implicature-based view of Free Choice, (ii) follows as a consequence.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Remarks on disjunctive focus-associates
Get PDFThis paper concerns similarities and differences between the implicatures of dis-junction — modalized disjunction speci?cally — and the implicatures of other scalar terms like some. The two inference types are compared with special attention to their behavior under association with only, where they are shown to come apart. I argue that disjunct alternatives (p,q) to a disjunctive associate of only ([p or q]) do not feed the semantics of the particle. The signi?cance of the claim is discussed in connection to (a) semantic and implicature-based accounts of free choice inferences, and (b) the phenomenon of presupposed implicatures
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Temporal -made in Japanese and its interaction with aspect and polarity
No full textThe main puzzle that Japanese -made gives rise to is that it has two uses, the until-use and the by-use. In this paper we attempted to analyze the two uses uniformly. The core idea is that in both uses -made introduces domain alternatives, and a phonologically null alternative-sensitive operator introduces additional inferences based on them. We employed two such operators, exc and exh. The former accounts for the until-use, as in Alxatib’s 2023 account of English until. The latter plays a crucial role in our account of the infelicity of the combination of the by-use of -made and a durative predicate as well as of the obviation effects
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reconsidering non-negative contexts as a diagnostic for negative concord
No full textNon-negative contexts are often used as a diagnostic for negative concord items, the claim being specifically that these contexts are not suitable hosts for negative concord items. We present an in-depth empirical investigation of how a single polarity sensitive item behaves under negation as compared to in non-negative contexts. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed investigation of its kind. The item we focus on is Turkish kimse ‘anyone’, and beyond the fact that kimse can appear in non-negative contexts, it otherwise behaves as a negative concord item. The evidence we collected shows, on balance, that kimse has highly parallel behavior across these contexts. We conclude there is no significant difference across contexts, and thus that in principle negative concord items can be licensed in non-negative contexts. Accordingly, the ability of a polarity sensitive item to appear in a non-negative context cannot be a valid cross-linguistic diagnostic for negative concord items
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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