1,721,226 research outputs found
Factores asociados al parto por cesárea y su relación con el comportamiento de los nacidos vivos en Colombia 2008-2017
Full text linkObjective: The present research aims to estimate the risk factors associated with cesarean section in Colombia during the period 2008 - 2017. Materials and methods: The microdata of the DANE's vital statistics were used for the years between 2008 and 2017. Contingency tables were calculated to establish the existence of relationships between risk variables and cesarean section. Likewise, a probabilistic model was developed to establish the factors associated with a higher probability of evidencing a cesarean section in delivery care. Results: In Colombia, the cesarean rate has increased dramatically in the last decade. For 2008, the rate of cesarean section in the country was 35% while for 2017 the observed rate was 43%. The Caribbean region presents a significant difference in the evolution of the cesarean rate compared to the behavior of the country. The variables multiplicity of childbirth, weight at birth, the fact that the mother is primigestant and the marital status of married have an important association with the probability of showing a caesarean section in the delivery care. These factors should be used to effectively detect the high risk of the pregnant woman and concentrate in them, a greater vigilance during the prenatal control. The Caribbean region has a different behavior to the rest of the country, so it is important to deepen the determination of the explanatory factors of this difference.Objetivo: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los factores asociados al parto por cesárea y su relación con el comportamiento de los nacidos vivos en Colombia durante el periodo 2008 – 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo y correlacional, donde se utilizó los micro datos de las estadísticas vitales del DANE revisión de literatura por los años entre 2008 y 2017 y anteriores al 2007. Se calcularon tablas de contingencias para establecer relación entre variables sociodemográficas, número de cesárea en el tiempo y su relación con el comportamiento de los nacidos vivos. Se elaboró un modelo probabilístico para establecer los factores asociado a una mayor probabilidad de optar por método quirúrgico, como la cesárea en la atención del parto. Resultados: En Colombia, latasa de cesárea se ha incrementado drásticamente en la última década. Para 2008 la tasa de cesárea en el país era de
35% mientras que para 2017 la tasa observada fue de 43%. La naturaleza pública y mixta de la IPS que atiende el parto disminuye el riesgo de cesárea mientras que la multiparidad, peso al nacer y nacimiento pretérmino aumenta el riesgo. Conclusiones: El presente estudio, evidenció que Colombia presenta un alarmante incremento de la proporción de cesáreas como forma de atención del parto, especialmente en los departamentos de la región caribe colombiana, generando la necesidad de incorporar políticas integrales para revertir esta tendencia, en la que se articulen todos los actores del sistema de salud (familia, médicos, prestadores, aseguradoras y estado).Díaz Arroyo, EsperanzaCampos De Ávila, Feyer Antoni
Factores socioeconómicas y calidad de vida: un análisis multinivel
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar, mediante la construcción de un modelo de análisis multinivel, las variaciones en la percepción de CVRS por diferencias demográficas, socioeconómicas, ambientales y culturales de las personas. Metodología: Mediante un estudio transversal en una muestra representativa para Colombia, estratificada por pobreza y no pobreza, tipo de municipios de habitación y región geográfica (continental y costero). Los individuos fueron caracterizados y cada uno valoró diferentes estados de salud asignados aleatoriamente de un paquete de estados simulados con descripciones construidas a partir de dimensiones priorizadas en un estudio preliminar y que estaban agrupados en tres categorías (leves, moderadas y graves). La valoración fue desarrollada mediante una escala visual análoga(VAS) con valores entre 0 y 100, siendo 100 el mejor estado de salud imaginable y 0 equivalente a la muerte. Con el uso de STATA se exploraron diferentes modelos explicativos de la CVRS valorada incluyendo las variables de cada individuo y su calidad de vida actual. Los resultados del modelo fueron analizados con el objetivo de encontrar el modelo que mejor explique la CVRS, y buscando probar un modelo multinivel teórico de explicación a tres niveles: individual, habitacional y cultural. El modelo construido fue comparado con los resultados que se puedan obtener con un modelo multivariado y aplicadas pruebas de significancia. Resultados: en el análisis se incluyeron 16.550 valoraciones, correspondientes a 1636 personas distribuidas en tres tipos de municipios (grandes, medianos y pequeños) y en región costera o continental. El 23% de los encuestados fueron clasificados como pobres, similar a lo reportado por el DANE para Colombia. El nivel de ingreso, dependencia económica, gravedad de la enfermedad, tipo de municipio, región e interacción edad-sexo fueron significativos en el modelo. El análisis demostró que un modelo a tres niveles explica mejor la valoración de CVRS que un modelo a un solo nivel, y que en el primer nivel un individuo a mayor estrato, con seguro privado, valora mejor la CVRS y, dependiendo del sexo, cambia su valoración con la edad. En los otros niveles las covarianzas muestran cómo los grandes municipios tienden a mayor valoración, al igual que los que habitan en regiones costeras. Los resultados obtenidos fueron organizados en tablas de valor en las que se presentan los valores correspondientes a las variables con las que se muestra como las variaciones de las características de los individuos pueden modificar el valor obtenido. Conclusión: La CVRS sí es un reflejo de la situación de salud pero la medida de percepción se encuentra afectada por condiciones del individuo que pueden ser afectadas por el sitio de residencia y estas por sus condiciones culturales y esto se puede explicar mediante un modelo multinivel. De tal manera, que el uso generalizado de tablas de valoración para aplicación en poblaciones específicas podría estar sesgado en su valor obtenido sino se incluyen en estos los ajustes específicos que se generarían por las condiciones de vida de los individuos sobre los que se van a tomar las decisiones.Abstract. Objective: Evaluate through the construction of a multilevel analysis model the variations of the perception of HRQoL for the demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and cultural differences at the population. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study on a representative sample for the Colombian population, poverty and no poverty, states and geographic regions (continental and coast) were stratify. Each participant were categorized and they randomly value the different stages of health from a group of simulated stages with constructed descriptions from a priority list of dimensions determinate on a previous research that were grouped into three categories (mild, moderate, severe). The assessment was developed using an analog visual scale (AVS) with values from 0 to 100, where 100 is the best possible health state and 0 is equal to death. With the help of STATA tools, it was explored different explicative model for the analyzed HRQoL including variables of each participant and its actual quality of life. The results were analyzed to determine which was the best model, that could explain, the HRQoL, and looking after a theoretical multilevel model assay that explain three levels: individual, environmental and cultural. The developed model was compared to the results that could appear in a multilevel model and significance test were apply. Results: 16,550 valuations were included at the present analysis, which corresponds to 1636 participants distributed on three types of states (big, middle and small ones) and those from the coast or continental regions. 23 % of surveyed population were classified as poor, which is similar to what has been reported to the DANE for Colombia. The level of income, economic dependency, and severity of disease, type of state, region and interaction of age-sex had a high level of significance in the model. The analysis show that a model of three levels could better explain the value of HRQoL than a model of just one level, it also show that a person with higher socioeconomic state and private health insurance will give a better value to HRQoL, and according to the sex the values could chance by aging. At other level the co-variance shows how the bigger states have a better value as those that live at coast regions. The results were organized in tables where the different variables and it corresponding values that represent significant variations if the value is modify as an individual characteristic. Conclusions: HRQoL is a reflex of the health situation but the perception measure could be affected by the conditions of the subject of analysis that could be affected by the place it lives and the cultural conditions and this could be explain by multilevel model. In a way the general use of the value tables used to be apply in specific populations could have bias at the value content if specific life conditions adjustments are not included at the populations that are going to be value and over whom the decisions are going to be make.Doctorad
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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