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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Signalling pathways activated by apelin receptor stimulation and responsible of the hypotensive effect of apelin.
No full textL'apéline est un neuropeptide vasoactif qui joue un rôle crucial dans le maintien de l'équilibre hydrique et des fonctions cardiovasculaires. Des études réalisées au laboratoire sur les effets de l'apéline-17 (K17F) et du fragment d'apéline K16P, correspondant à K17F delétée de la phénylalanine (Phe) à son extrémité C-terminale, ont montré que la présence de cette Phe est nécessaire pour que l'apéline puisse d'une part, induire l'internalisation du récepteur de l'apéline, et d'autre part, provoquer une baisse de la pression artérielle. Par la suite, nous avons identifié dans les cellules CHO, exprimant de façon stable le récepteur murin de l'apéline que l'internalisation du récepteur de l'apéline induite par K17F avait pour conséquence d'induire l'activation d'une seconde voie de signalisation indépendante de la protéine Gi et dépendante de la beta-arrestine, correspondant à la voie des MAP kinases (Mitogen Activator Protein Kinase), qui pourrait être impliquée dans l'effet hypotenseur de l'apéline. Mes travaux ont ensuite consisté à caractériser dans un modèle physiologique, les artérioles afférentes juxtamédullaires de rein de rat (AAJM), si la voie de signalisation médiée par la beta-arrestine était impliquée dans l'effet vasodilatateur de K17F. Sachant que l'AngII induit une vasoconstriction en augmentant la mobilisation de calcium intracellulaire ([Ca2+]i), nous avons montré en mesurant les variations de diamètre artériolaire et de [Ca2+]i, que lorsque la voie Gi est bloquée par la toxine de pertussis (PTX), l'effet vasorelaxant induit par K17F n'est pas modifié. Ces données suggèrent que l'effet vasorelaxant de K17F sur les AAJM précontractées par l'AngII est protéine Gi-indépendant. En présence de PTX et de différents inhibiteurs d'internalisation, l'effet vasorelaxant induit par K17F sur les AAJM pré-contractées par l'AngII est aboli. De plus, en présence de PTX et de ces inhibiteurs, lorsque l'on applique K17F sur la phase plateau de la réponse calcique induite par l'AngII, aucune diminution significative de la mobilisation du [Ca2+]i est observée. Ceci est en accord avec notre hypothèse, à savoir que l'effet vasorelaxant de K17F est protéine Gi-indépendant et beta-arrestine-dépendant. L'ApélineR constitue une cible thérapeutique potentielle dans le traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque et des rétentions hydriques. Sachant que la demi-vie de l'apéline dans la circulation sanguine est de l'ordre de la minute, un autre volet de mon travail de thèse a été de développer des analogues de K17F métaboliquement stables par deux stratégies différentes. Premièrement, nous avons substitué chacun des résidus de l'apéline par son énantiomère de la série D ou par un acide aminé synthétique. Deuxièmement, nous avons ajouté une chaîne fluoroalkyle à l'extrémité N-terminale de K17F. Ces deux stratégies nous ont permis d'obtenir plusieurs composés dont les plus actifs sont le P92 et le LIT01-196 qui conservent des propriétés pharmacologiques identiques à celles de K17F et qui présentent une demi-vie plasmatique largement supérieure à celle du peptide endogène. Ces deux analogues se sont révélés actifs in vivo avec une capacité à diminuer la pression artérielle et à réduire la sécrétion de vasopressine dans le sang conduisant à une augmentation de la diurèse aqueuse.Apeline is a vasoactive neuropeptide which plays a crucial role in maintaining water balance and cardiovascular functions. Laboratory studies on the effects of Aperlin-17 (K17F) and the K16P apelin fragment, corresponding to K17F deletion from phenylalanine (Phe) at its C-terminal part have shown the presence of this Phe is necessary for apelin to induce internalization of the Apelin receptor. Also cause a decrease in blood pressure. Subsequently, in the CHO cells expressing stably the murine receptor of the Apelin that the internalization of the Apelin receptor induced by K17F resulted in the activation of a second signaling pathway which is independent of the Gi protein, but dependent on beta-arrestin. This corresponds to the MAP kinase pathway (Mitogen Activator Protein Kinase), which could be involved in the hypotensive effect of the Apelin. My work consisted of characterizing a physiological model such as the rat kidney juxtamedullary afferent arterioles (JMAA), to study if the signaling pathway mediated by beta-arrestin was involved in the vasodilatory effect of K17F. Knowing that AngII induces vasoconstriction by increasing intracellular calcium mobilization ([Ca2+]i), we have showed by measuring variations in arteriolar diameter and [Ca2+]i, that when the Gi signaling pathway is blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX), the vasorelaxant effect induced by K17F is not modify. This data suggests that the vasorelaxing effect of K17F on AngII pre-contracted JMAAs is Gi-independent protein. In the presence of PTX and various internalization inhibitors the vasorelaxant effect induced by K17F on AngII-pre-contracted JMAAs is completely blocked. In addition, no significant decrease in [Ca2+]i mobilization is observed in the presence of PTX and these inhibitors, when K17F is applied to the plateau phase of the AngII-induced calcium response. This is in line with our hypothesis, that the vasorelaxing effect of K17F is Gi-independent protein and beta-arrestin-dependent. ApelineR is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and water retention. Knowing that the half-life of the aperitif in the bloodstream is approximatly one minute. Another aspect of my thesis was to develop metabolically stable K17F analogues by two different strategies. First, we have substituted each of the residues of the aperitif with its D-series enantiomer or a synthetic amino acid. Secondly, we added a fluoroalkyl chain to the N-terminal end of K17F. These two strategies have enabled us to obtain several compounds, the most active of which are P92 and LIT01-196. These retain pharmacological properties identical to those of K17F and have a plasma half-life significantly higher compared to the endogenous peptide. These two analogues have been shown to be active in vivo with the ability to reduce blood pressure and reduce vasopressin secretion in the blood leading to an increase in aqueous diuresis
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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