58 research outputs found
Forecasting the End of Climate Change Litigation: Why Expert Testimony Based on Climate Models Should Not Be Admissible.
No full textCompatibility of Democracy and Islam or the Lack Thereof: A Closer Look at Whether the Arab Spring Was Ever Capable of Culminating into a Viable Democracy in the Arab World.
No full textAbstract Forthcoming
\u27You are Hereby Sentenced to a Term of . . . Enslavement?\u27: Why Prisoners Cannot be Exempt from Thirteenth Amendment Protection
No full textA critical review of the Seljuks section of Jāmi’al-Tawāriḵ -e-Hasani
No full textJāmi’al-Tawāriḵ-e- Hasani is a general historiographical source belonging to the Timurid era. Although it was written in a later period, have some special and unique characteristics about the history of the Seljuks, which makes it important. The problem with the current research is that the Seljuk history section of Jami’al-Tawāriḵ Based on what sources is it written and what content features it has. Tāj addin Hasan -e -Yazdi, the author of this work, wrote the history of the Seljuks based on several treatises and historiographical works belonging to this period. He has written parts of the history of the Seljuks according to the Seljukāmeh of Zahir al-Din Nishaburi and Badāyi’al-Azman Afzal addin-e-Kermani. Those parts that have been written based on the mentioned books have a repetitive aspect due to the existence of the Seljuqnameh and remains the basis of the text of Badāyi’al-Azman, narrated by Mohammad Ibrahim ḵabisi, a historian of the Safavid period. However, important parts of the history of the Seljuks have been written in Hasani’s Jāmi’al-Tawāriḵ, based on two unknown and non-existent historiographical sources of the Seljuk period, named Tariḵ-e- Qavāmi and Sanjarnāmeh, which is considered the most valuable part in terms of content and documents. Yazdi's narrative about the presence of the Seljuks in ḵorāsān was documented in an unknown work entitled Tāriḵ-e- Qawāmi, and his narratives about historical events of Khorasan during the reign of Sultan Malik Shāh and Sultan Sanjar were written based on Sanjarnāmeh. the present research explains the unique parts of this work regarding the history of the and intends to make the researchers of the history of the Seljuk period aware of the importance and necessity of a critical review of the Seljuk section of Hasani’s Jāmi’al-Tawāriḵ that was written based on two sources of historiography, known as Tāriḵ-e- Qawāmi and Sanjarnameh
Distributed Acoustic Sensing using straight, sinusoidally and helically shaped fibres for seismic applications
No full textDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a versatile dynamic strain sensing method that has been adopted for a wide range of seismic applications. In DAS, optical fibres are interrogated and used as sensors, where a strain or strain-rate measurement is made along a specific length of the fibre, called the gauge length. Its main appeal is the spatially dense data over long distances. The main limitations of DAS, however, are that it is mainly sensitive along the axial direction of the fibre and that the signal-to-noise ratio is worse than that of standard geophones. The first issue limits its adoption in surface reflection seismic when the fibre is deployed horizontally. Also, due to the very nature of the measurement (i.e. elongation and contraction of the fibre), it is commonly considered as a single-component measurement, therefore it lacks the information from the other components.This thesis studies the potential of obtaining multi-component information from DAS as well as investigating the use of combined fibre configurations for surface-seismic applications. We approach this by examining several fibre-shaping approaches with static and dynamic strain measurements. First, the concept of the sinusoidally shaped fibre is examined to make a directional strain sensor in a direction other than the fibres’ axial direction using a static-strain approach. Secondly, the combined use of straight and helically wound fibres for obtaining multi-component information from DAS data as well as assessing the usefulness of using such a combination is investigated in a surface-seismic setting.'Using the sinusoidally shaped fibre, two approaches are investigated. The first approach involves the use of the sinusoidally shaped fibre embedded in a homogenous material. An analytical model is presented to describe what happens to the deformed fibre in three main directions, which was validated via a finite-element model. Along with the model, loading experiments were performed on a sinusoidally shaped fibre embedding in a polyurethane-type (i.e. called Conathane®) strip in the following directions: in-line (i.e. transversal in-plane with the sinusoidal fibre), broadside (i.e. perpendicular to the sinusoidal fibre), and along-strip (i.e. along the strip’s longest dimension). We saw that the fibre is mainly sensitive to the in-line and broadside directions, and it is slightly more sensitive in the in-line direction relative to the broadside direction. We also saw that the geometrical parameters of the fibre, as well as the mechanical properties of the embedding material, affect its directional sensitivity. This is exploited in the second approach where the embedding material is now adapted to a low Poisson’s ratio metamaterial as well as further adaptations in the geometry of the fibre, aiming to create a unidirectional strain sensor. Experimental results showed improvements in the sensitivity but not as much as predicted by the analytical or numerical modelling.Using DAS in field settings, multiple configurations of straight (SF) and helically wound fibres (HWF) with different wrapping angles (α) were buried in a 2-m trench in farmland in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Significant amplitude differences are observed between the straight and helically wound fibres. It is observed that shaping the fibre into a helix dampens the amplitude inside the surface wave significantly. Also, a polarity flip is observed with the use of HWF with a wrapping angle of 30◦. This hints that there is a contribution of the vertical component on the response measured by the HWF as also supported by the theoretical models. The reflection response is also examined using a set of engineered SF and HWF fibres. The main seismic reflections are present in both fibres with higher amplitude in SF compared to HWF, contrary to what was expected. Also, using post-stack images we see that the SF and HWF provide reflection structural images comparable to surface-deployed geophones but with an (expected) lower signal-to-noise ratio. We show that the combined use of SF and HWF is useful, as reflections were better shown for the shallow section, unlike HWF which provided better reflections in deeper sections. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of gauge length on the retrieval of surface waves along with the use of different fibre shapes using active and passive sources.With the active-source data, we show that the gauge length plays an essential role in the retrieval of surface waves depending on their wavelength range, as it might cause distortions in the waveform which appears as notches in the (frequency, horizontal-wavenumber)–domain, as well as complicates picking the dispersion curves of these waves. On the other hand, the helically wound fibres might require a longer gauge length to retrieve the surface wave properly. This decreased sensitivity of the helically wound fibres is also shown from virtual shots obtained by passive interferometry as well as a recorded earthquake in the area.Applied Geophysics and Petrophysic
On the Multi-component Information of DAS for Near-Surface Seismic: A Pilot Field Experiment in the Groningen Area
No full textIn a surface-seismic setting, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is still not a widely adopted method for near-surface characterisation, especially for reflection seismic imaging, despite the dense spatial sampling it provides over long distances. This is mainly due to the decreased broadside sensitivity that DAS suffers from when buried horizontally in the ground (that is when the upgoing wavefield (e.g. reflected wavefield) is perpendicular to the optical fibre). This is unlike borehole settings (e.g. zero-offset Vertical Seismic Profiling), where DAS has been widely adopted for many monitoring applications. Advancements in the field, like shaping the fibre to a helix, commonly known as helically wound fibre, allow better sensitivity for the reflections. The promise of spatially dense seismic data over long distances is an attractive prospect for retrieving the local variations of near-surface properties. This is particularly valuable for areas impacted by induced seismicity, as is the case in the Groningen Province in the north of The Netherlands, where near-surface properties, mostly composed of clays and peats, play an essential role on the amount of damage on the very near-surface and the structures built on it. Installing fibre-optic cables for passive and active measurements is valuable in this situation. We installed multiple cables containing different fibre configurations of straight and helically wound fibres, buried in a 2-m deep trench. The combination of the different fibre configurations allows us to obtain multi-component information. We observe differences in the amplitude and phase information, suggesting that these differences can be used for separating the different components of the wave motion. We also see that using enhanced backscatter fibres, reflection images can be obtained for the helically wound fibre as well as the straight fibre, despite the decreased broadside sensitivity for the latter.Applied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Dysbiosis and fecal microbiota transplant: Contemplating progress in health, neurodegeneration and longevity
No full textHasani, Alka/0000-0001-6648-0893The gut-brain axis plays an important role in mental health. The intestinal epithelial surface is colonized by billions of commensal and transitory bacteria, known as the Gut Microbiota (GM). However, potential pathogens continuously stimulate intestinal immunity when they find the place. The last two decades have witnessed several studies revealing intestinal bacteria as a key factor in the health-disease balance of the gut, as well as disease-emergent in other parts of the body. Various neurological processes, such as cognition, learning, and memory, could be affected by dysbiosis in GM. Additionally, the aging process and longevity are related to systemic inflammation caused by dysbiosis. Commensal GM affects brain development, behavior, and healthy aging suggesting that building changes in GM might be a potential therapeutic method. The innovation in GM dysbiosis is intervention by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), which has been confirmed as a therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infections and is promising for other clinical disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, and depression. Additionally, FMT may be possible to promote healthy aging, and extend longevity. This review aims to connect dysbiosis, neurological disorders, and aging and the potential of FMT as a therapeutic strategy to treat these disorders, and to enhance the quality of life in the elderly.Research Center of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz [70871]The authors wish to thank the Research Center of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran for their assistance in carrying out the study. This is a compilation of first author thesis work (Project No. 70871).Science Citation Index Expande
Power and Terror : Perbincangan Pasca Tragedi WTC 11 September 2001 (Menguak terorisme Amerika Serikat di Dunia) / Noam Chomsky
No full textIn this, his first new book since the international bestseller "9-11," Noam Chomsky presents his latest thinking on terrorism and U.S. foreign policy, focusing on alternatives to the current course of armed provocation.Noam Chomsky is the author of, among many other books, "Profit over People," and the international anti-war bestseller "9-11," which has sold over 300,000 copies worldwide
LTC-SE: Expanding the Potential of Liquid Time-Constant Neural Networks for Scalable AI and Embedded Systems
No full textWe present LTC-SE, an improved version of the Liquid Time-Constant (LTC)
neural network algorithm originally proposed by Hasani et al. in 2021. This
algorithm unifies the Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) spiking neural network
model with Continuous-Time Recurrent Neural Networks (CTRNNs), Neural Ordinary
Differential Equations (NODEs), and bespoke Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). The
enhancements in LTC-SE focus on augmenting flexibility, compatibility, and code
organization, targeting the unique constraints of embedded systems with limited
computational resources and strict performance requirements. The updated code
serves as a consolidated class library compatible with TensorFlow 2.x, offering
comprehensive configuration options for LTCCell, CTRNN, NODE, and CTGRU
classes. We evaluate LTC-SE against its predecessors, showcasing the advantages
of our optimizations in user experience, Keras function compatibility, and code
clarity. These refinements expand the applicability of liquid neural networks
in diverse machine learning tasks, such as robotics, causality analysis, and
time-series prediction, and build on the foundational work of Hasani et al.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, This research work is partially drawn
from the MSc thesis of Michael B. Khani. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2006.04439 by other author
KOMUNIKASI QURANI SEBAGAI RESOLUSI KONFLIK DALAM PERKAWINAN
No full textThis study aims to reveal the messages of the Qur'an in resolving marital conflicts. Marriage is one of the Shari'a that gets special attention in the Qur'an, one of the forms of attention is to provide a way out in resolving conflicts that occur in marriage. This research method is a qualitative research literature (library research), as for interpreting the verse, the author uses the thematic interpretation method based on the theme. The work step of thematic interpretation that the author uses is the contemporary interpretation step. The results of the study state that in the Qur'an found ways that can be taken in resolving household conflicts, one of which is through a communication approach. Qur'anic communication in resolving household conflicts are: 1) Delivering messages in the best way. 2) Selection of appropriate and accurate message material by considering aspects of Honesty of information and fairness in delivering messages. 3) Verify every information and attitude of responsibility towards the message conveyed, and 4) Discuss wisely and politely
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