1,720,981 research outputs found
Erwachsenwerden mit ADHS
No full textZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Übergang vom Kindesalter ins Erwachsenenalter stellt die Behandlung persistierender Erkrankungen wie die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) vor große Herausforderungen. Während noch 43 % aller Jugendlichen mit ADHS eine medikamentöse Behandlung erhalten, fällt dieser Anteil bei den Anfang zwanzigjährigen Patienten auf unter 20 % ab. Welche Faktoren eine Persistenz der ADHS vorhersagen ist nicht geklärt. Unter den Risikofaktoren finden sich aber neben einer erhöhten Krankheitsschwere auch komorbide Erkrankungen wie eine Depression. Der Artikel widmet sich der Frage nach Faktoren, die eine gelungene Transition begünstigen. Da in die Zeit der Transition die Berufswahl fällt, geht der Artikel der Frage nach, welche Voraussetzungen bei einer Tätigkeit gegeben sein sollten. Bis auf wenige Ausnahmen sind grundsätzlich jedoch alle Berufe für Menschen mit ADHS möglich. Abschließend geht der Artikel auf die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und die Versorgungssituation für Patienten mit ADHS in Deutschland ein. Die Effektstärken einer medikamentösen Behandlung des ADHS sind hoch, ein Behandlungserfolg ist in den Zulassungsstudien > 60 % der Betroffenen zu erwarten. Eine Verhaltenstherapie (allein oder in Kombination mit Stimulanzien), Stimulanzien und Nichtstimulanzien sind in der Behandlung deutlich wirksamer als Placebo
Help or hurt? How attention modulates tics under different conditions
No full textTourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric developmental disorder, characterized by tics that are often preceded by an increasingly uncomfortable urge to move. Tic frequency can increase when patients pay attention to their tics, if tics are not suppressed. This study investigates how attentions modulates urge intensity, tic frequency and arousal during free ticcing and tic suppression.Tic frequency (video recording), urge intensity (rating scale) and pupil width (pupillometry as a measure of arousal) were assessed in 23 patients with Tourette syndrome (mean age 33.48 ± 12.37; 14 male) during five attention conditions: 1) baseline, 2) watching own tics in a live video-feedback, 3) watching own tics in a previously recorded video, 4) thinking about situations that can trigger tics and 5) thinking about specific, non-tic related stimuli (distraction condition) during: a) free ticcing and b) tic suppression tic states.Urge intensity and tic frequency increased in the free ticcing condition when patients viewed their own tics live and when they thought about tic-triggering situations. In the tic suppression condition, tic frequency increased when patients watched a video of their tics, thought about their tics or were distracted. Pupil width increased significantly during the live feedback and the video condition compared to baseline in both tic states.Paying attention to own tics can be detrimental when tics are not suppressed. In contrast, paying attention to other stimuli appears detrimental when tics are suppressed, as would be the case during most current behavioural therapy techniques. However, results point to high emotional arousal and patients feeling uncomfortable when seeing themselves tic. The results also suggest that urge intensity is modulated by changes in attention in the same manner as tics and may drive change in tic frequency during free ticcing
Treatment of Tourette syndrome with attention training technique—a case series
No full textThe existing therapeutic strategies of Tourette syndrome (TS) do not lead to sufficient improvement in a significant number of patients. Recently published studies show that paying attention to tics increases whereas directing attention away decreases tic frequency. The aim of the present case series in three patients with TS was to investigate the effect of attention training technique (ATT) on TS symptoms. ATT is a technique derived from metacognitive therapy that aims on training patients to consciously (re-)focus their attention away from themselves. Friedman’s chi-square test indicated a trend regarding the reduction of tic frequency and tic severity and a significant reduction of positive metacognitions from pre-baseline to follow-up. Reliable Change Indices (RCIs) are given for each measure and patient. Given the small number of patients, further studies including randomized controlled trials appear warranted
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Molekulare Krankheitsmechanismen und Faktoren, die den Phänotyp der Erkrankung modifizieren
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