104,804 research outputs found
Effects of Ethephon on the Hemolymph Metabolites of the Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
No full textEthephon (ETF), one of the plant growth regulators, is used in agricultural systems as a valuable tool due to its property of regulating fruit maturation. Here, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of ETF on the hemolymph metabolites of the greater wax moth, G. mellonella which is an experimental animal and a serious pest in wax. Different doses of ETF (250-390 μg/5 μl) were injected with force feeding method to the last instars and the effects of ETF on the level of hemolymph protein, lipid, and glucose were estimated spectrophotometrically at 24 and 48 h after treatments. The levels of protein, glucose, and lipid in hemolymph showed dose- and time-dependent changes. These results indicated that treatment with ETF may result in significant physiological changes in pests. Consequently, it is likely that ETF can be a promising agent for use in integrated pest management programs as ecofriendly biopesticides
L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
No full textWOS: 000356626200003PubMed ID: 25777183The insecticidal effects, specifically, changes in hemolymph total protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities of azadirachtin (AZA) given to the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae via force feeding were investigated. Bioassays showed that the LD50 and LD99 (lethal dose) values of AZA were 2.1 and 4.6 mu g/larva, respectively. Experimental analyses were performed with five doses of AZA (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mu g/larva). Total protein level in larval hemolymph increased at all AZA doses at 24 h whereas a considerable decrease was observed at 2 and 3 mu g/larva doses, and only an increase displayed at 1.5 mu g/larva at 72 h. The level of MDA increased at 2 and 3 mu g/larva doses at 24 h compared with controls. This trend was also observed at 1.5, 2, and 3 mu g/larva doses at 72 h and MDA levels were lower when compared with those of 24 h at all doses except for 1.5 mu g/larva dose. Catalase activity decreased at 1, 1.5, and 2 mu g/larva doses at 24 h whereas increased at all doses except for 0.5 mu g/larva at 72 h compared with controls. AZA led to a decline in superoxide dismutase activity at all experimental doses at 24 and 72 h except for 3 mu g/larva doses at 72 h. An increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was evident at all AZA doses at 24 h. AZA displayed 68% decline in GST activity at 72 h post treatments when compared to 24 h. Consequently, We infer that the toxicity of AZA extends beyond its known actions in molting processes to redox homeostasisAnadolu University Scientific Research Project Commission [1306F153]This work was supported by Anadolu University Scientific Research Project Commission with grant number 1306F153. Authors are highly thankful to Dr. Ekrem ERGN for providing proof reading and valuable contributions on this manuscript
Hydrogeochemical evaluation of Umut geothermal field (SW Turkey)
No full textWOS: 000408499100036Tekkehamam geothermal field is located in the South of Menderes Graben (Aegean region) and is one of the most important geothermal sites of Western Anatolia. Umut geothermal field is a part of the Tekkehamam field. This study was conducted in order to determine the origin and hydrogeochemical properties of the geothermal waters. For this purpose, sampling was done in order to check the chemistry of the water, and O-18, H-2 isotope analyses done at four wells, nine natural springs and three cold water sources. According to the results of the chemical analysis, the geothermal waters were determined to be of Na + KSO4 type. Additionally, C-14 and H-3 analyses were done in selected well and spring waters for the purpose of age determination of groundwater; most of the waters were determined to be submodern. Geothermometer calculations show that the reservoir temperature for the Umut geothermal field ranges between 148 and 180 degrees C. Stable isotope results indicate that Umut geothermal waters are meteoric in origin. Mixing between shallow and deep waters is the dominant subsurface process that determines the physical and chemical character of the waters.Mugla Sitki Kocman University fundsMugla Sitki Kocman University [BAP16/151, BAP16/111]Kadir Basoglan is acknowledged for permitting these investigations. This study was supported by the Mugla Sitki Kocman University funds BAP16/151 and BAP16/111. Constructive criticism from Semih Gursu, Sebnem Arslan, Ulas Avsar and Oncu Basoglan Avsar has been much appreciated. We thank Selin Suer for performing the stable isotope analyses
Determination of Gibberellic Acid (GA(3))-Induced Oxidative Stress in a Model Organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
No full textWOS: 000350444300012PubMed ID: 26308811The plant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA(3)) is known to negatively impact growth and development of insects. In this study, larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were fed a diet with varying dosages of GA(3) to investigate how antioxidant enzymes are influenced. Activity levels in last instars reared in laboratory at 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 60 +/- 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 12: 12 (L: D) h were measured for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT). Treatment with GA(3) in diet resulted in a remarkable increase in the activities of both SOD and GSTat lower GA(3) doses (50-1,000 ppm) with respect to control and higher doses. The activity of CAT in the hemolymph of last instars significantly increased at all doses when compared with that in the hemolymph of untreated larvae. This trend in the increase of CAT was not dose-wise, except for the significant increases at 2,000 and 5,000 ppm when compared with that of untreated and all treated groups. Consequently, our results showed that GA(3) is effective at activating the antioxidant defense system of insects as a source of free radical and can be toxic for larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we suggest that the increase in the activity of GST, SOD, and CAT in larvae may indicate a physiological adaptability to compensate for GA(3)-induced stress
The effects of parasitism by the ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on host hemolymph proteins in the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
No full textWOS: 000281496500016Parasitism of lepidopteran larvae by braconid wasps has significant effects on host hemolymph proteins and the physiology of the host insect. In this study the post-parasitism effect's of a gregarious idiobiont ectoparasitoid (Bracon hebetor) on hemolymph plasma proteins in the final instar larvae of the host (Ephestia kuehniella) were investigated. Hemolymph plasma proteins were analyzed using spectrophotometry and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total quantity of plasma proteins in the host's hemolymph decreased slightly 24 and 48 h after parasitization; however, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the quantity of 12 proteins decreased, whereas that of 5 proteins increased in concentration in the hemolymph of parasitized host larvae 24 and 48 h post-parasitism. Therefore, we conclude that host regulation of E. kuehniella by B. hebetor involves only quantitative changes in host plasma proteins and does not lead to upregulation of novel proteins
Piston-prop uçak motorlarının ekserjetik, ekserjoekonomik ve sürdürülebilir değerlendirilmesi
No full textBu çalışmada, piston-prop uçak motorlarının ekserji, ekserjoekonomi ve sürdürülebilirlik yönleri kapsamlı bir şekilde gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu analiz ve değerlendirme araçları, 4-zamanlı, hava soğutmalı, 4-silindirli ve doğal emişli bir piston-prop uçak motoruna, uçuş operasyonunun bir bölümü olan iniş–kalkış (LTO) safhasında uygulanmıştır. LTO safhası; kalkış, tırmanma, yaklaşma ve taksi olmak üzere dört fazdan oluşur. Enerji analizi sonuçları, 111.90 kW ile en yüksek iş akımına ihtiyaç duyulan fazın kalkış olduğunu göstermiştir. Aynı fazda, yakıt enerji ve ekserji akımlarının da, sırasıyla 444.30 kW ve 476.51 kW değerleriyle, en yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. En düşük enerji ve ekserji kayıpları taksi fazında bulunurken, en yüksek enerji ve ekserji verimleri sırasıyla %26.76 ve %24.95 olarak tırmanma fazında bulunmuştur. Maliyet analizleri sonucunda, taksi fazının en yüksek ekserji yıkım maliyetine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu değerler, sabit ürün yaklaşımıyla 23.41 /h olarak hesaplanmıştır. En yüksek sürdürülebilirlik indeksi (SI) ise 1.332 ile tırmanma fazında bulunmuştur.In this study, the exergetic, exergoeconomic, and sustainability aspects of piston-prop aircraft engines are comprehensively reviewed. These analysis and assessment tools are applied to a four-cylinder, spark ignition, naturally aspirated and air-cooled piston-prop aircraft engine in the landing and takeoff (LTO) phases of flight operations. LTO consists of four parts: takeoff, climb out, approach, and taxi. The results of energy analysis indicate that takeoff is a phase requiring high power with a maximum work rate of 111.90 kW. Maximum fuel energy and exergy rates are calculated to be 444.30 kW and 476.51 kW, respectively. The minimum total loss is found in the taxi phase, while maximum energy and exergy efficiency values are 26.76% and 24.95% in the climb out phase, respectively. Based on the results of the cost analysis, the taxi has the maximum exergy destruction cost rate with 23.41 /h at a fixed fuel. Maximum sustainability index (SI) is found to be 1.332 at the climb out phase
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of Parasitism and Envenomation by Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on Hemolymph Free Amino Acids of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
No full textWOS: 000334649900001The effects of dose-dependent envenomation by and parasitization of Pimpla turionellae Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on the ratio of hemolymph free amino acids of the host species Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pupae and larvae were investigated. Of the seventeen different free amino acids detected in the hemolymph of host pupae and larvae by high performance liquid chromatography, the ratio of free amino acids from parasitized and envenomated host pupae did not differ much when compared with those of unparasitized, null- or PBS-injected controls at different time points post-treatments. The exceptions to this trend were an increase in parasitized host pupae for glutamic acid with regard to other experimental groups at 4 and 8 h and a decrease in parasitized host pupae for leucine with regard to 0.01 and 0.05 VRE at 24 h post-treatments. In contrast to pupae, hemolypmh free amino acids of G. mellonella larvae differed upon venom injection among treatments and at different time points post-treatments. The ratios of alanine and leucine at 8 h and glutamic acid, serine, glycine+glutamine, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine at 24 h post-treatments differed from those of controls in treatment groups. However, there appeared no changes in the ratio of hemolypmh free amino acids in host larvae at 4 h post-treatments. Our study indicated that parasitism and experimental envenomation of G. mellonella by wasps resulted in different effects in the quantity of free amino acids depending on host developmental stage.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [2006-106T255]This research was in part supported by grants (2006-106T255) from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Endoparazitik arı Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)’nın parazitleme ve zehirinin konağı Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın hemolenf proteinleri üzerine etkisi
No full textPimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)’nın farklı dozlardaki zehrinin ve parazitlemesinin konağı Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın hemolenf proteinleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırıldı. Hemolenf proteinleri spektrofotometrik ve Sodyum Dodesil Sülfat Poliakrilamid Jel Elektroforez (SDS-PAGE) teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edildi. Jeller tarandıktan sonra, bantların optik densitometrik değerleri analiz edildi. Parazitlenmiş ve zehirle muamele edilen konak pup hemolenfindeki protein miktarları kontrol gruplarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, muameleden 4, 8 ve 24 saat sonrasında değişiklik göstermedi. Hemolenfte belirlenen 19.6-181.12 kDa aralığındaki on yedi farklı proteinden 23.418, 24.714, 32.434, 34.811 ve 45.385 kDa olanların miktarları parazitleme ve zehir etkisine bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdi. Larvaların hemolenfindeki proteinlerin elektroforetik dağılımlarında hem kontrol grubunda hem de zehir enjekte edilen gruplarda pupa hemolenfinden farklı olarak 33.823 ve 41.553 kDa büyüklüğünde iki yeni protein belirlendi. Bununla birlikte, larvalarda 45.385, 99.000 ve 126.850 kDa büyüklüğündeki üç band belirlenmedi. Larvalarda hemolenf proteinlerinden bazıları enjeksiyondan 8 saat sonrasında artış gösterirken, diğer proteinler tüm zaman noktalarında değişiklik göstermedi. 34.811 kDa’luk proteinin miktarı 0.02 ve 0.05 kese eşdeğeri zehir (KEZ) dozlarının enjeksiyonundan 8 saat sonra azalma gösterirken 41.553 ve 43.412 kDa büyüklüğündeki proteinler 0.1 kese eşdeğeri zehir (KEZ) dozu haricindeki tüm dozların enjeksiyonundan sonra artış gösterdi. Konak hemolenfinde zehirleme ve zehir enjeksiyonuna bağlı olarak proteinlerde kalitatif bir değişiklik yani yeni bir protein belirlenmedi. Bu nedenle, P. turionellae parazitleme veya zehirleme yoluyla konak G. mellonella’yı düzenlemesinde konağın plazma proteinlerinde kantitatif değişikliklere neden olduğunu ancak yeni proteinlerin salgılanmasının düzenlenmesinde etkili olmadığını ileri sürmekteyiz.The effects of dose-dependent envenomation and by parasitization of Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on the hemolymph protein profile of its host Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were investigated. Hemolymph proteins were analyzed using spectrophotometry and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The gel was subsequently scanned and the optical densities (OD) of the bands were analyzed. The quantities of proteins detected 4, 8, and 24 h post-treatments in hemolymph of parasitized and envenomated host pupae did not differ much when compared with those of controls. Of the seventeen different protein bands detected at a range of 19.6-181.12 kDa in the hemolymph, there were only changes in OD values of bands at 23.418, 24.714, 32.434, 34.811, and 45.385 kDa following envenomation and parasitism. The electrophoretic pattern of hemolymph proteins from venom injected and control groups of larvae did not differ much from that of pupae except for new protein bands detected at 33.823 and 41.553 kDa. However, three bands with 45.385, 99.000, and 126.850 kDa were not detected in larvae. Hemolymph protein quantity remained steady at all time points tested except for increases for some bands at 8 h following envenomation. The amount of 34.811 kDa protein decreased immediately at 8 h post- injection of 0.02 and 0.05 VRE of venom whereas injection all venom doses except 0.1 VRE resulted in an increase in the amount for 41.553 and 43.412 kDa proteins. There were no qualitative changes in term of novel protein bands in the hemolymph of hosts. Therefore, we suggest that host regulation of G. mellonella by parasitism or envenomation of P. turionellae involves quantitative changes in the host plasma proteins but does not lead to the up-regulation of novel proteins
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