1,720,978 research outputs found
Metrology with Unknown Detectors
Get PDFThe best possible precision is one of the key figures in metrology, but this is established by the exact response of the detection apparatus, which is often unknown. There exist techniques for detector characterization that have been introduced in the context of quantum technologies but apply as well for ordinary classical coherence; these techniques, though, rely on intense data processing. Here, we show that one can make use of the simpler approach of data fitting patterns in order to obtain an estimate of the Cramér-Rao bound allowed by an unknown detector, and we present applications in polarimetry. Further, we show how this formalism provides a useful calculation tool in an estimation problem involving a continuous-variable quantum state, i.e., a quantum harmonic oscillator
Weak measurements and the joint estimation of phase and phase diffusion
No full textWeak measurements offer the possibility of tuning the information acquired on a system, hence the imposed disturbance. This suggests that it could be a useful tool for multiparameter estimation, when two parameters cannot be measured simultaneously at the quantum limit. Here we discuss their use for phase estimation in the presence of phase diffusion in the context of polarimetry, a scenario that is conveniently cast in terms of a two-level quantum system in many relevant cases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nouvelles techniques d'interférométrie atomique pour un gyroscope à atomes froids de grande surface de Sagnac
No full textThis thesis describes the implementation of new atom interferometry techniques to improve the stability and accuracy of a cold-atom gyroscope located at the SYRTE laboratory. Stimulated Raman transitions are used to split and recombine the atomic waves. A sequence of four light pulses generates an interferometer with a Sagnac area of 11 cm2. I present the implementation of an interleaved interrogation scheme, where three atomic clouds are interrogated simultaneously in an atom interferometer featuring a sampling rate of 3.75 Hz and an interrogation time of 801 ms. With this scheme we demonstrate a short-term sensitivity of 30 nrad·s-1·Hz-1/2. We then present measurements of dynamic rotation rates in a so far unexplored range for a cold atom sensor. An important bias of the sensor originates from a coupling between a relative misalignment of the mirrors which retro-reflect the Raman beams and the trajectory of the atom. A technique is introduced to reduce this bias at the level of 3 nrad·s-1 and to achieve a long-term stability of 0.3 nrad·s-1 which represents the state of the art for atomic gyroscopes. The manuscript then describes the first characterization of the scale factor of the gyroscope using different techniques. In particular, the implementation of a rotation stage below the sensor enables us to vary the projection of the Erath rotation rate vector onto the interferometer area and therefore to modulate the rotation phase shift. The implementation of the techniques presented in this thesis pave paving the way to a test of the Sagnac effect for matter waves with a relative accuracy level below 100 parts per million.Cette thèse décrit la mise en œuvre de nouvelles techniques d'interférométrie atomique améliorant la stabilité et l’exactitude d'un gyromètre à atomes froids situé au laboratoire SYRTE. Des transitions Raman stimulées permettent de séparer et recombiner les ondes atomiques. Une séquence de quatre impulsions lumineuses génère un interféromètre avec une aire Sagnac de 11 cm2. Je présente la mise en œuvre d'un schéma d'interrogation entrelacé dans un interféromètre dont le temps d'interrogation est de 801 ms, dans lequel trois nuages atomiques sont interrogés simultanément résultant en une cadence de mesure de 3,75 Hz. Avec ce schéma, nous démontrons une sensibilité de 30 nrad/s/sqrt(Hz). Nous présentons ensuite des mesures de rotation dynamiques dans une plage jusqu'ici inexplorée pour un capteur à atomes froids. Un biais important du capteur provient d'un couplage entre un désalignement relatif des miroirs rétroréfléchissant les faisceaux Raman et la trajectoire de l'atome. Une technique est introduite pour réduire ce biais au niveau de 3 nrad/s et atteindre une stabilité à long terme de 0,3 nrad/s qui représente l'état de l'art des gyromètres atomiques. Le manuscrit décrit ensuite la première caractérisation du facteur d'échelle du gyromètre à l'aide de différentes techniques. En particulier, la mise en place d’une plateforme de rotation sous le capteur permet de faire varier la projection du vecteur rotation de la Terre sur l'interféromètre et donc de moduler le déphasage de rotation. Les techniques présentées dans cette thèse ouvrent la voie à un test de l'effet Sagnac pour les ondes de matière avec une précision relative inférieure à 100 parties par million
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
