1,721,007 research outputs found
Spatial Sampling for Non-compact Patterns
Full text linkThe objective of spatial sampling is to collect subsets of individuals from a population in the two-dimensional space, in order to estimate some population characteristics. Traditional sampling techniques are accordingly enriched to keep space into account. We consider sequential techniques that use weights for introducing space in the update of population units' inclusion probabilities and propose a new weighting system that includes the spatial entropy of the study variable. Techniques only based on distances between locations perform well in the case of a compact structure. Any non-compact spatial scheme takes advantage of the involvement of spatial entropy in the sequential modification of first-order inclusion probabilities
Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Ferrara since 1801
No full textBackground: Archival documents provide an historical account of the establishment of pharmaceutical chemistry in Ferrara dating back to 1801. This includes details such as the Decree of October 9th, 1801; the appointment of Antonio Campana as the course instructor; the search for a suitable location; the setup of laboratories at St. Anna Hospital; and the comprehensive inventory of equipment, chemicals, instruments, and valuable books.
Aim(s): To explore the origins and early development of pharmaceutical chemistry in Ferrara, Italy, particularly focusing on the key events, individuals, and the initial setup of educational and laboratory facilities.
Method(s): An in-depth analysis of archival documents related to the establishment of pharmaceutical chemistry in Ferrara.
Results: The results of this study reveal significant insights into the early history of pharmaceutical chemistry in Ferrara. Detailed information is presented regarding the Decree of 1801, the appointment of Antonio Campana, the selection of a suitable location, and the establishment of laboratories at St. Anna Hospital. The inventory of equipment, chemicals, instruments, and valuable books is also outlined.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the historical account of pharmaceutical chemistry in Ferrara sheds light on its foundational elements, key contributors, and the early infrastructure that laid the groundwork for its subsequent development. This exploration enhances our understanding of the historical context in which pharmaceutical education and research began in Ferrara
A new approach to spatial entropy measures
Full text linkEntropy is widely employed in many applied sciences to measure the heterogeneity of observations. Recently, many attempts have been made to build entropy measures for spatial data, in order to capture the influence of space over the variable outcomes. The main limit of these developments is that all indices are computed conditional on a single distance and do not cover the whole spatial configuration of the phenomenon under study. Moreover, most of them do not satisfy the desirable additivity property between local and global spatial measures. This work reviews some recent developments, based on univariate distributions, and compares them to a new approach which considers the properties of entropy measures linked to bivariate distributions. This perspective introduces substantial innovations. Firstly, Shannon’s entropy may be decomposed into two terms: spatial mutual information, accounting for the role of space in determining the variable outcome, and spatial global residual entropy, summarizing the remaining heterogeneity carried by the variable itself. Secondly, these terms both satisfy the additivity property, being sums of partial entropies measuring what happens at different distance classes. The proposed indices are used for measuring the spatial entropy of a marked point pattern on rainforest tree species. The new entropy measures are shown to be more informative and to answer a wider set of questions than the current proposals of the literature
In Search of Cinchona Substitutes in Nineteenth-Century Italy
No full text"Between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, commerce was interrupted because of war in Europe. Groceries became very expensive as they were very difficult to be found .... They were also difficult to find later, in the period of peace as well, so that the Physicians at that time had to go in search of alternatives locally.
Advances in spatial entropy measures
Full text linkA very recent proposal of a set of entropy measures for spatial data, based on building pairs of realizations, allows to split the data heterogeneity that is usually assessed via Shannon's entropy into two components: spatial mutual information, identifying the role of space, and spatial residual entropy, measuring heterogeneity due to other sources. A further decomposition into partial terms deeply investigates the role of space at specific distance ranges. The present work proposes improvements to the method and adds relevant results proving that the new set of spatial entropies satisfies a list of desirable properties. We extend the methodology to sets of realizations greater than pairs. We also show that the approach is more general, better performing and more interpretable than the most popular proposals in the literature, thanks to the property of additivity and a new way of computing entropy that explicitly discards the order within sets. A novel procedure for building the necessary quantities for computations is also provided. A comparative study illustrates the superior performance of the new set of measures over representative spatial configurations. Practical questions are answered by means of a case study on land use data
THE FERRARESE PHARMACOPOEIA: IN SEARCH OF THE LOST BOOK
No full textAntonio Campana (1751-1832) was an eclectic scientist from Ferrara. He studied medical sciences in Ferrara and completed his studies at the University of Padua.
He was very linked to Florence, where he practiced medicine at the Santa Maria Hospital. He was attracted by experimental modern physical science, chemistry and botany. He became friend of Bicchierai, a professor of medicine, Giuntini, a pharmacist and professor of chemistry, Cooper, a physicist, and of the Targioni Tozzetti family, famous for being involved in botany. When he came back to Ferrara in 1782 he held different positions at the University: he became professor of Physics, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Botany.
He then wrote the Pharmacopoeia of Ferrara in 1797, several editions were published. It was also esteemed both in Italy and abroad till the end of the 19th Century.
Several Italian editions can be found both in Italian and in foreign libraries. In the 18th Century it was also mentioned the existence of other editions in Paris, London and Berlin.
We found only Latin, French and Castilian versions unluckily. What about the others? A presentation of the results of our researches will be given
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
