1,720,989 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The importance of vegetation functional composition in mediating climate change impacts on ecosystem carbon dynamics in alpine grasslands
Full text linkClimate is changing around the world, and because temperature and water are key drivers of many ecosystem processes this is expected to have significant effects on ecosystem processes and functioning, including ecosystem carbon cycling. In addition to the direct effects of increased temperature and changes is precipitation, indirect effects of climate-induced shifts in plant dominance can affect ecosystems and their functioning through a complex series of biotic cascades, couplings, and feedbacks (Wookey et al 2009). Alpine ecosystems in particular are expected to be strongly impacted by global warming because of the high temperature-sensitivity of biological and chemical processes and their vulnerability to vegetation shifts. In this thesis, I investigate the direct and indirect effects of climate change on ecosystem carbon dynamics in semi-natural alpine grasslands. The study design makes use of a systematic climate grid in Western Norway that consists of twelve semi-natural grassland selected along natural climate gradients, where temperature and precipitation vary independently. At each site we performed a fully factorial removal experiment, removing different plant functional groups (graminoids, forbs, bryophytes), to determine their effect on ecosystem carbon cycling and soil physical conditions. In addition, several plant functional traits were measured at each site to assess their contribution in determining ecosystem carbon exchange compared to climate and vegetation structure characteristics. I used a static chamber method to measure ecosystem carbon flux and estimate net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) across the climatic gradients and removal experiment. Furthermore, I performed a standardized litter bag experiment to investigate the short-term direct effect of annual variability in temperature and precipitation and long-term indirect effect of climate variability along the natural climatic gradients on litter decomposition. The presence and functional composition of vegetation regulated soil temperature and to an extent soil moisture, which are key controls of ecosystem processes. Vegetation cover reduced maximum soil temperature due to the vegetation’s insulating capacity or shading. The strength of this effect depended on vegetation structure, plant functional group cover and vascular and non-vascular vegetation height. Bryophytes had a larger effect on soil temperature than forbs or graminoids, and increased depth of bryophyte mat strengthened the insulating effect of bryophytes. Soil moisture was primarily determined by the amount of precipitation received by a research site. Functional attributes of vegetation will therefore influence ecosystem processes like plant growth and decomposition through their regulating effect on soil temperature and thus influence ecosystem carbon cycling. Gross primary production was largely determined by vascular plant biomass, while respiration was primarily controlled by temperature and was little influenced by biomass of vascular plants. Bryophytes did not have a significant effect on either gross primary production or ecosystem respiration. Compensation of gross primary production after plant functional group loss was dependent on remaining plant functional groups and their interaction, which again was dependent on climate. In alpine sites, compensation capacity of forbs was stimulated when bryophytes were present, while in boreal sites compensation capacity of gramininoids seemed to be limited by bryophytes. For ecosystem respiration there was no difference in compensation capacity between plant functional groups nor effects of climate. We assessed the value of using plant functional traits for predictions of ecosystem C flux in relation to climate change. Climatic effects on gross primary production were related to changes in vegetation structure and plant functional traits, particularly a shift in traits of plant communities from tall, fast-growing species with big, thin leaves and low C:N in warmer drier sites to communities with lower growth, small and thicker leaves and higher leaf C:N cold sites. Plant functional traits were also able to capture additional between-site variation in ecosystem carbon exchange not related to climate, and could even account for appreciable amounts of variability at the within-site scale, which is likely related to smaller-scale driver of vegetation community composition such as topography and soil characteristics. The decomposition experiment revealed that direct effect of annual variation in temperature and precipitation on decomposition processes are modulated by environmental conditions, including plant diversity. Increasing temperature enhanced decomposition rate k and litter stabilization factor S within each climate regime, while this effect was not found across the different climate regimes for k and even had the reverse effect on S, as S decreased with temperature across climate regimes. Increased precipitation reduced k within and across climatic regimes, while increased precipitation decreased S in sub-alpine and alpine sites, but not boreal sites. We speculate that the differences in decomposition between climate regimes can related to differences in microbial community composition and soil structure. Altogether, this thesis highlight the importance of local environmental conditions and the functional composition of vegetation as modulators of climate change impacts on ecosystem carbon dynamics. This knowledge improves our understanding of how climate-induced changes in the functional composition of vegetation can affect ecosystem carbon cycling, and can possibly help improve predictability of ecosystem carbon exchange under global warming
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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