102,658 research outputs found
ALTHOFF, G. Moc rituálů. Symbolika a vláda ve středověku
No full textBook review on ALTHOFF, G. Moc rituálů. Symbolika a vláda ve středověku. Praha: Karolinum, 2024, 259 s
The University as an Economic Institution: The Political Economy of the Althoff System
No full textFriedrich Althoff (1839-1908), who created the “Althoff system”, has had a singularly important influence on shaping academic institutions in Germany for almost a generation. As a close collaborator of leading German scholars his influence lasted almost throughout the second empire (1882-1907). He has been described as brilliant by some and disastrous by others. Recent advances in the new institutional economics and the economic analysis of the organization of inquiry, as well as better access to the archival materials, have created the possibility of arriving at a clearer picture of the Althoff system. Is a first attempt at an economic analysis of the Althoff system; therefore should be viewed as an exploratory essay. In particular, addresses three questions: What precisely was the Althoff system? How can we go about analysing the system? How did the system function and perform? The essay has five substantive parts: first, offers a brief introduction to science research as it is currently practised in economics; second, introduces the historical record and the main criticism levelled against the system and offers a stylized description of the Althoff system in terms of emphasizing key features; third, subjects the stylized features of the system to economic analysis, relying heavily on the property rights theory of the firm and treating the university as an economic institution; fourth, takes a slightly different approach by applying Gordon Tullock's analysis of the organization of inquiry to the Althoff system; fifth, offers a summary of the findings and an economic definition of the Althoff system.Economic systems, Economic theory, Economics, Germany, History, Universities
The SMC experiment
No full textBaum G. The SMC experiment. In: Althoff K, ed. High energy spin physics: proceedings of the 9th international symposium held at Bonn, FRG, 6 - 15 September 1990. Berlin: Springer; 1990: 407-410
Korporative Polizei, Symbolische Polizei und Street Corner-Polizei: Fallgestützte Hinweise auf die Funktionalität polizeilicher Habitusarbeit
No full textHüttermann J. Korporative Polizei, Symbolische Polizei und Street Corner-Polizei: Fallgestützte Hinweise auf die Funktionalität polizeilicher Habitusarbeit. In: Althoff M, Becker P, Löschper G, Stehr J, eds. Zwischen Anomie und Inszenierung: Interpretationen der Entwicklung der Kriminalität und der sozialen Kontrolle ; zum Gedenken an Detlev Frehsee. Interdisziplinäre Studien zu Recht und Staat. Vol 31. Baden-Baden: Nomos; 2004: 225-251
Friede auf Erden? Grenzen des Völkerrechts und Perspektiven einer Globalgeschichte der Vormoderne
No full textBrauner C. Friede auf Erden? Grenzen des Völkerrechts und Perspektiven einer Globalgeschichte der Vormoderne. In: Althoff G, Krems E-B, Meier-Staubach C, Thamer H-U, eds. Frieden. Theorien, Bilder und Strategien von der Antike bis heute . 2019: 293-313
Grundsatzpapier zur Entwicklung von Hospizkultur und Palliativversorgung in stationären Einrichtungen der Altenhilfe
No full textDie Betreuung hochbetagter schwerstkranker und sterbender Menschen und ihrer Angehörigen stellt besondere Anforderungen an das medizinische und pflegerische Personal sowie an die Einrichtungen, in denen diese Menschen leben. Da immer mehr alte Menschen ihr Lebensende in einer stationären Pflegeeinrichtung verbringen, ist hier die Implementierung von Hospizkultur und Palliativkompetenz von grundlegender Bedeutung. Um die Pflegeeinrichtungen in Deutschland bei der Umsetzung von Palliative Care zu unterstützen, haben die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin e. V. und der Deutsche Hospiz und PalliativVerband e. V. eine gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe eingerichtet. Diese Arbeitsgruppe hat dieses Grundsatzpapier zur Betreuung schwerstkranker und sterbender Menschen im hohen Lebensalter in Pflegeeinrichtungen erstellt. Die Ziele des Grundsatzpapieres stehen in enger Verknüpfung mit dem weiteren Umsetzungsprozess der „Charta zur Betreuung schwerstkranker und sterbender Menschen in Deutschland“. Im Folgenden werden die momentane Situation der Palliativversorgung in Pflegeeinrichtungen, Ziele der Integration von Hospizkultur und Palliativkompetenz und die nötigen Maßnahmen, um diese zu erreichen, beschrieben. Hospizkultur und Palliativversorgung sollen zum integrativen Bestandteil des Versorgungsauftrags jeder Einrichtung werden. Die Entwicklung regionaler Netzwerke (z. B. Hospizdienste, ambulante Palliativdienste) zur palliativmedizinisch-hospizlichen Versorgung ist von grundlegender Bedeutung. Aufgabe aller Beteiligten ist es, die hochbetagten schwerstkranken Bewohner in den Mittelpunkt des ethisch-reflektierten Handelns zu stellen. Den Betroffenen soll eine angemessene und umfassende palliativmedizinisch-hospizliche Versorgung zugänglich sein. Dazu gehören die Behandlung und Linderung von körperlichen Symptomen, die umfassende palliativpflegerische Versorgung und die psychosoziale und spirituelle Begleitung. Angehörige gilt es mit ihren Sorgen und Ängsten ernst zu nehmen, sie in das Konzept einzubeziehen und ihnen Unterstützung und Entlastung zu bieten.The care of critically ill and dying aged people and their family represents an especially difficult challenge for the medical and nursing staff, as well as for the facilities where these people live. Since an increasing number of people will spend the last phase of their life in nursing homes, the implementation of hospice culture and palliative expertise in geriatric nursing homes is of fundamental significance. The German Association for Palliative Medicine and the German Hospice and Palliative Association have convened a joint working group to support the implementation of palliative care. The working group has worked out this policy paper on the care of seriously ill and dying people of advanced age in nursing homes. The purposes of this paper are closely related with the further implementation process of the “Charter for the care of the critically ill and the dying people in Germany”. The policy paper describes the current stage of provision of palliative care in nursing homes, the objectives for the integration of hospice culture and palliative care provision, as well as the measures needed to achieve these aims. Hospice culture and palliative nursing should become integral parts of the care program in every facility. It is of fundamental importance that regional networks for hospice-palliative nursing will be developed, including hospice and outpatient palliative care services. It is a moral obligation to consider the needs of critically ill patients of advanced age to make an appropriate and comprehensive palliative/hospice nursing care available to all who need it. This includes treatment and relief of physical symptoms, a comprehensive nursing care as well as psychosocial and spiritual support. Problems and concerns of the patientsʼ families must also be taken serious and addressed equally
The Electrochemical Relaxation at Thylakoid Membranes
No full textThe primary processes of photosynthesis by green plants take place in thylakoids of Chloroplasts. About one fourth of the useful work derived from light quanta is used for the generation of a transmembrane electrochemical potential difference of the proton, which, in tum, is used by a proton translocating ATP synthase to yield ATP. This article describes the electrochemical relaxation involving proton pumps, the ATP synthase, lateral and transversal conductances for protons and other ions. It relies mainly on flash spectrophotometry for the pulsed generation of the electrochemical potential difference and time-resolved detection of pHand voltage-transients by appropriate dyes. The pore-forming antibiotic gramicidin serves as standard. The electrochemical analysis is complicated by the folding pattern of thylakoid membranes with tightly apposed and extended membrane domains which differ in their protein composition. In this article we discuss the following aspects: 1.) The single channel conductance of gramicidin in this protein-rich membrane compares well with figures reported for pure lipid bilayers. The area related dimerization constant is about ten-fold larger because of upconcentration in lipid domains. 2.) The whole contents of thylakoid membranes, a total area of several 100 μm2 with more than 108 molecules of chlorophyll and 105 of ATP synthase, forms one contiguous entity. This capacitor can be discharged by a single gramicidin dimer. 3.) There is no evidence for surface-enhanced proton diffusion along this membrane. In a membrane patch with only 105 molecules of chlorophyll and in stacked thylakoids the resistance to lateral proton flow between pumps and ATP synthases along tightly appressed membranes dissipates a few percent of the transmembrane protonmotive force. Thus the effective membrane unit for protonic coupling between pumps and ATP synthases is smaller than the electrically coupled one. 4.) The area specific electric capacitance of the membrane is by more than one order of magnitude smaller than the specific chemical (buffering) capacitance for protons. The greater damping power for pH-transients as compared to the one for electric transients may be why thylakoids (subject to fluctuating light intensity) use ΔpH rather than Δψ (like mitochondria) to drive ATP synthesis
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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