1,720,991 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The relationships between users and daylighting design in the 20th century architectural practice.
Get PDFArchitecture is considered a crossing field between arts and sciences that is supported by multiple, various and complex issues. Considering that architecture is a man’s creation for men, this research explores human factors in architecture. It specifically focuses on the relationships between users and natural lights (both sunlight and daylight) within houses and public buildings designed during the 20th century modernist era by renowned architects. The investigative approach relies mainly on a literature review as well as in site observations and some interviews for the case studies in France. Six contemporary architects’ work composed the study corpus. The results highlight first that i) users did not perceive natural light as architects intended it, ii) users’ sensations could not replace the essential requirements contributing to satisfaction with a comfortable daylit space, and iii) after the disappearance of the sensation first effect, dissatisfaction occurred and often generated transformations disfiguring the striking effects previously designed by the architects
Energy efficiency in housing : drivers and barriers to improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide emissions in private sector housing.
Get PDFGlobal environmental degradation is one of the most serious threats facing
humankind as a result of the expansion of its activities around the globe. Scientific
evidence is growing that greenhouse gas emissions are having a noticeable effect on
the earth's climate. Sustainable development has become a global issue and its life
cycle influences the life cycles of the whole planet dramatically. As widely accepted,
CO2 emissions are the most significant impact on global climate caused by the
amount of energy consumed (Kyoto Protocol, 1997). The UK Government has signed
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and is
therefore committed to reducing the emission of six greenhouse gases with carbon
dioxide being the most significant to 12.5% lower than the 1990 levels (DEFRA,
2000). The Government has also indicated that it has an aim of further reducing the
emissions with an eventual target of 20% below the 1990 levels by 20 10. Energy
consumed by the UK building stock approaches 50% of the total while transport is
responsible for 28% (DETR, 2000). Accordingly the energy used in housing stock is
responsible for about 30% of overall emissions (Shorrock and Walters, 1998), which
is a major contributor to global warming and therefore, improving energy efficiency
and reducing carbon dioxide emission within housing stock is a key factor for long term
sustainability in the built environment.
This research aims to study the energy efficiency standards, CO2 emissions and
energy ratings of privately rented, university controlled and approved properties
within Sheffield. In general, properties in this particular sector account for about 15%
of the total housing stock and demonstrate one of the worst conditions of housing
standards in the UK (Revell and Leather, 2000). In this research however, properties
analysed have shown better characteristics regarding energy efficiency standards
especially when compared to the worst housing examples in the country. This is
mainly due to properties being controlled and approved by the university
standards/requirements, and resulted in achieving higher energy efficiency standards
within the privately rented sector. Case study analysis carried out includes over 200
privately rented properties, showing dwelling conditions and examining efficiency of
both water and space heating systems.
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Abstract
As a global matter, environmental issues and good building design have also been
increasingly important in the UK. For that reason, energy and environmental
assessment methods for buildings have been developed in order to accomplish good
building design, which could contribute considerably to reducing pollution and
improving the environment. These assessment methods identify criteria for a range of
issues also concerning the global, national and indoor environments. Due to the
importance of building energy and environmental assessment methods, many
components have to be discussed for the future of buildings and more emphasis
should be paid to encouraging property developers to utilise the appropriate methods
in order to design energy conscious buildings. Some of the existing methods
concerning 'Environment and Healthy Building' developed and used in the country
have been reviewed and discussed in the perspective of global effects.
In this study, having chosen university-controlled properties would therefore help
to utilise the university authority to take action effectively and play a key role in
guiding energy efficiency improvements within privately rented properties. With
university authority, potential improvements in these properties can be encouraged
and implemented much effectively, whilst existing legislation and policies are
inoperative to enforce retrospective energy standards in existing housing.
Furthermore, this has a negative impact on private rented sector and comes into being
a major barrier for this particular sector. Therefore, this is an opportunity that will not
only increase energy standards of the housing stock in Sheffield, but also help to
achieve the rate of improvement required by the Home Energy Conservation Act
1995 and reduce the overall energy consumption caused by the existing housing stock
in the country
Energy efficiency interventions in UK higher education institutions
No full textThis paper provides an insight into energy efficiency interventions studies, focusing on issues arising in UK higher education institutions (HEIs) in particular. Based on a review of the context for energy efficiency and carbon reduction programmes in the UK and the trends in higher education sector, existing external and internal policies and initiatives and their relevant issues are extensively discussed. To explore the efficacy of some internal intervention strategies, such as technical, non-technical and management interventions, a survey was conducted among UK higher education institutions between February and April 2008. Consultation responses show that there are a relatively high percentage of institutions (83%) that have embarked on both technical and non-technical initiatives, which is a demonstration to the joined-up approach in such area. Major barriers for intervention studies are also identified, including lack of methodology, non-clarity of energy demand and consumption issues, difficulty in establishing assessment boundaries, problems with regards to indices and their effectiveness and so on. Besides establishing clear targets for carbon reductions within the sector, it is concluded that it is important to develop systems for effectively measuring and evaluating the impact of different policies, regulations and schemes in the future as the first step to explore.Energy efficiency interventions Higher education institutions (HEIs) Carbon reductions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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