1,720,994 research outputs found
Implicit inhibition of intergenerational ageism in a young-adult population
Get PDFPrior research has demonstrated that it is possible to implicitly inhibit the activation of stereotype cues for a racial category. The current project aims to determine if a similar outcome is possible when encountering an age-based stereotype cue. Study procedures attempted to inhibit the activation of age-based stereotypes, compared to a control condition, by making participants cognitively busy (i.e. rehearsing an eight-digit number during a word completion task). Based on alternative theories of implicit stereotype inhibition, additional conditions, which attempted to evoke explicit and implicit egalitarian goals were introduced into the design of Study 2 to determine their influence on the inhibition of age-based stereotypes. Over two studies, stereotypic content did not seem to be inhibited at an implicit level. Nevertheless, participants who had egalitarian goals implicitly activated subsequently expressed lower levels of explicit ageism, compared to those in a control condition, specifically with regard to beliefs that older adults consume a disproportionate amount of shared, limited societal resources. Limitations and future directions are discussed
Informing military sexual violence prevention: An exploration of individual, relational, and cultural factors
No full textThe need for more effective sexual violence prevention in the U.S. military has been widely recognized, with 40% of female veterans and 4-6% of male veterans reporting sexual harassment, assault, and rape (e.g., Barth et al., 2016; Bryan, Bryan, & Clemans, 2015). The Center for Disease Control proposed a multi-level model for preventing sexual violence, which includes individual, relational, and cultural factors. Yet, there has been little empirical exploration of sociocultural factors related to sexual aggression in military communities (Harway & Steel, 2015). Previous research has identified individual and relational factors associated with sexual aggression in civilian and military samples, including beliefs about gender and masculinity (e.g., Abbey et al., 2005; Loh et al., 2005), rape-supportive attitudes (e.g., Abbey & McAuslan, 2004; Foubert & Masin, 2012), and perceived peer tolerance for sexual violence (Abbey et al., 2001; Fabiano et al., 2003). However, attempts to address individual beliefs and behaviors without considering the surrounding system or subculture that reinforces them has been identified as ineffective for long-term change (DeGue et al., 2012). Consistent with Baron and Straus’s (1987) integrated theory of rape, scholars have identified masculine values and gendered social power (Brownmiller, 1975; Casey & Lindhorst, 2009), as well as cultural tolerance for sanctioned violence (Casey & Lindhorst, 2009; Sanday, 1981) as possible cultural factors affecting sexual violence in the military. The present study sought to assess individual, relational, and theorized cultural factors in relation to sexual aggression in a diverse military sample. Factors from each of these levels were associated with sexual aggression, but greater perceived peer tolerance for sexual aggression and perceived cultural tolerance for violence arose as the strongest independent predictors. Implications for understanding correlates of military sexual violence and developing of a more comprehensive and theoretically-driven sexual violence prevention program in the U.S. military are discussed
The effects of gender, the sex of the avatar, and salience of the sex of the avatar on emotional valence and arousal
No full textThe objective of this dissertation was to investigate the effects of avatar sex, explicitness of avatar sex, and player gender on less conscious embodied emotional arousal and valence versus consciously perceived emotional arousal and valence elicited by a gaming experience.
The experiment conducted utilized a 2 avatar sex (female x male) X 2 explicitness of avatar sex (high x low) X 2 player gender (sex-typed x non-sex-typed) mixed model factorial design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two game play conditions (high-explicitness male and female avatar or low-explicitness male and female avatar) and then played two 15 minute sessions of a video game — one session playing the game as a male avatar and one session playing the game as a female avatar. The order in which participants played as either a male or female avatar was randomized. Psychophysiological indicators of arousal (skin conductance) and valence (facial EMG) were recorded during gameplay. Self-report measures of arousal and valence were obtained immediately after each 15 minute session of gameplay.
Data analysis tested hypotheses concerning the effects of avatar sex, explicitness of avatar sex, and player gender separately on real time embodied variation in arousal and valence as revealed through physiological indicators and conscious perception of arousal and valence obtained through self-report measures
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exploring the associations among shyness, religiousness, and satisfaction with life for religious adults
No full textAlthough a sizeable body of research has examined the implications of shyness, questions remain about how shy people differ in terms of their experiences within specific settings. One type of setting that often involves significant social interaction and that has several potential benefits is a religious community (Pargament, 1997). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the relationships among shyness and various aspects of religiousness including god image, religious motivation, religious preferences, service attendance, and sense of fit in religious communities. Data were collected from a community sample using a survey through the online crowdsourcing marketplace, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The results from this research supported previous findings of a negative relationship between shyness and support expected from a deity. Results also replicated a previously found negative relationship between shyness and satisfaction with life, while also suggesting that accepting god image mediates this relationship. Moreover, results indicated significant negative relationships between shyness and perceived fit in religious communities as well as between shyness and religious service attendance. Results further indicated that intrinsic religious motivation moderates the relationship between shyness and religious service attendance. Counter to hypotheses, results did not indicate that strength of religiousness moderates the negative association between shyness and satisfaction with life and did not support the negative relationship between shyness and religious synchrony preference. These findings highlight the potential impact that aspects of religiousness may have on the lives of religious people, particularly shy religious people. Implications for researchers, therapeutic practitioners, and religious leaders are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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