1,720,962 research outputs found
Anti-atherogenic actions of hydroxytyrosol
Get PDFIntroduction: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by the
accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall, and is considered to be a major contributor
to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Worldwide, CVD is responsible for a third of all
deaths. Current pharmacological therapeutic agents for CVD, such as statin therapy,
are not fully effective and have considerable residual risk for the disease. Alternative
agents for the prevention and treatment of the disease are therefore required.
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a polyphenol compound found mainly in olive oil. HT has been
reported to prevent CVD predominantly due to its antioxidant effects. HT is the only
polyphenol recognised by the European Food Safety Authority as a protector against
low-density lipoprotein-mediated oxidative damage. Previous investigations carried
out in the host laboratory showed that HT altered multiple atherosclerosis-associated
risk factors in wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks, as well as various
anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions on human monocytes/macrophages in
vitro. Unfortunately, the actions of HT in atherosclerosis in vivo are poorly understood.
The aim of this study therefore was to elucidate its effects on atherosclerosis
progression and regression in a mouse model system.
Methods: In order to study the development of atherosclerosis in vivo, 8-week-old
male or female low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (ldlr-/-) mice were given HFD
alone or in combination with 10 mg/kg/day of HT for 12 weeks. For regression studies,
the mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks to promote the formation of established lesions,
and then switched to normal chow diet (NCD) alone or in combination with HT. The
two procedures were then followed up by an in-depth investigations of atherosclerosisassociated
risk factors and the plaques that formed in the aortic root. RNA-sequencing
and bioinformatic analyses was used to assess changes in gene expression and
associated pathways in the thoracic aorta. The liver was also analysed in relation to
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is often associated with atherosclerosis
and extended via the use of an in vitro hepatoma HepG2 cell culture model system.
Results: As part of the progression study, female ldlr-/- mice that had received HT
supplemented HFD for 12 weeks had attenuated weight gain, plaque size in the aortic
root and neutrophil content in the peripheral blood, while male ldlr-/- mice had
attenuated occlusion and T cells in the peripheral blood. In both cases, there was
reduced plaque inflammation and improved plasma lipid profile and plaque stability.
As part of the regression studies on male ldlr-/- mice, intervention with HT combined
with NCD reversed hepatic injury and enhanced plaque stability (to a greater extent
than NCD intervention alone).
Conclusions: These findings provide support for the anti-atherogenic actions of HT
as well as its possible use as an alternative nutraceutical agent for preventing the
development of atherosclerosis. This is potentially possible due to the lack of adverse
effects as well as the relatively low cost in comparison to that of typical
pharmacological treatments. Additional research is necessary in order to determine
the mechanisms that are responsible for these favourable anti-atherogenic and other
beneficial changes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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