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Calcolosi urinaria
No full textVENGONO AFFRONTATI GLI ASPETTI EPIDEMIOLOGICI E LA FISIOPATOLOGIA CHE SOTTENDE LA CALCOLOSI URINARIA. LA CLINICA DELLA LITIASI URINARIA, LE SUE COMPLICANZE E LE DIVERSE STRATEGIE TERAPEUTICHE RICCA L''ICONOGRAFIA E LA PRESENZA DI TABELLE RIASSUNTIVE
Embriogenesi e malformazioni dell’apparato urinario e genitale maschile
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
PATIENT’S COMPLIANCE TO BCG. DO WE ADEQUATELY CONSIDER IT?
Full text linkIntroduction: Several studies and meta-analysis demonstrated
that BCG is the best treatment for conservative management of
high-risk NMI-BC with a net benefit in terms of both
recurrence-free and progression-free survival (1, 2).
Maintenance lasting minimum one year is recommended. In
spite of the effectiveness, the amount of patients who complete
the manteinance schedule does not exceed 50% (3). The
reasons of BCG maintenance interruption remain still unclear.
The aim of our study was to investigate the causes of low
adherence to 1-year full dose maintenance BCG in a large
series. Patients and Methods: The clinical files of consecutive
patients affected by T1 HG NMI-BC and undergoing adjuvant
BCG for one year, between 2000 and 2012, were reviewed.
Main exclusion criteria were presence of Tis, previous T1 HG,
number of tumors more than 3 and diameter greater than 3 cm,
genitourinary tract infections or other disease potentially
impacting tolerability and compliance to BCG. One-year BCG
maintenance was scheduled according to the South West
Oncology Group (SWOG) including 3 weekly instillations at
3, 6 and 12 months starting 21-40 days after TUR. No dose
reduction was considered. Both local and systemic side effects
and any reason of treatment suspension were recorded. BCG
tollerability was classified in four grades: 0. no need of
postponement, 1. one-week postponement, 2. two-week
postponement, 3. one single instillation omitted, 4. definitive
stop. Results: The files of 545 consecutive patients with HG
NMI-BC, selected for conservative management at two tertiary
referral centers were reviewed. Out of them, 411 patients
(75.4%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The induction cycle was
completed and suspended by 380 (92.5%) and 31 (7.5%)
patients respectively. Suspension was due to toxicity in 20
(4.8%) and to no toxicity-related reasons in 11 (2.6%) patients.
Maintenance was initiated by 308 (74.9%) patients while 72
(17.5%) never started. Particularly, 32 (8.4%) patients refused
it due to personal choice and/or practical limitation, 22 (5.8%)
were withdrawn by the urologist before the first planned 3-
week cycle due to persistent haematuria or early recurrence and
18 more patients (4.7%) never started and were lost at followup.
Out of the 308 patients starting the 1-year maintenance, 215
(52.3%) patients completed it, while 93 (30.2%) did not. The
manteinance regimen was interrupted by 9 patients (9.7%) due
to recurrence, while 14 (15.1%) experienced grade 3 toxicity
and 55 (59.1%) refused it in absence of grade 2-3 toxicity or
other evident causes. Grade-I toxicity and/or mild side effects,
not responsible for maintenance treatment modification, were
recorded in 193 (62.7%) patients. Discussion and Conclusion:
The European Association of Urology (EAU) and the National
Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommend one year
BCG maintenance as the elective intravesical adjuvant regimen
in intermediate- and high-risk NMI-BC, conservatively treated.
The scientific urologic community does not consider BCGrelated
toxicity as the major limiting factor. In the present study
patient’s compliance during the induction cycle reached 92%.
However during the interval between the induction course and
the first maintenance instillation, 50 patients (13%) became
reluctant to treatment while 22 (6%) were excluded after
cystoscopy for suspicious bladder lesion. Toxicity (moderate to
severe) was responsible for the interruption of BCG
maintenance only in a low number of patients. The high rate
of patients who abandoned the treatment could be attributable
to the persistency of mild symptoms causing consistent
discomfort that justified the reluctance to carry on the therapy.
Moreover the inadequate counseling in everyday clinical
practice when compared to multi-institutional trials should be
taken into account. A structured periodical counseling and a
timely recognition and treatment of symptoms, might
significantly ameliorate the acceptance of BCG maintenance.
Acknowledgements: We wish to thank the GSTU Foundation for
administrative support.
1 Sylvester RJ et al: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin
reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial
bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of the published results of
randomized clinical trials. J Urol 168: 1964-1970, 2002.
ANTICANCER RESEARCH 34: 2593-2686 (2014)
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2 Malmstrom PU et al: An individual patient data metaanalysis
of the long-term outcome of randomised studies
comparing intravesical mitomycin c versus bacillus
Calmette-Guerin for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Eur Urol 56: 247-256, 2009.
3 Oddens J et al: Final results of an EORTC-GU of EORTC
genito-urinary cancers group randomized study of
maintenance bacillus comparing intravesical instillations of
Calmette-Guerin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1
papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose
versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance.
Eur Urol 63: 462-472, 2013
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