1,720,963 research outputs found
Multifunctional human serum albumin nanoparticles for applications in bioimaging and cancer therapy
No full textCancer remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Traditional treatment for cancer includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. However, the benefits of these methods are ultimately subdued by toxicity to normal cells and low bioavailability of a drug at the target site. The use of human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA NPs) as an anti-cancer transport to the tumor site may provide a solution to these problems. Human serum albumin nanoparticles are biodegradable, simple, reproducible in preparation, non-immunogenic, and can be functionalized. This study evaluated the use of HSA NPs to encapsulate paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug, and IR 780 TPB or BETI, a near infrared dye, for therapy and diagnostics (theranostics) against cancer. IR 780 also possesses selective tumor toxicity based on the choice of the anion, upon irradiation with NIR laser, IR 780 dye has photothermal properties against tumor cells. When combined with the chemotherapeutic properties of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel, the hybrid HSA nanoparticles with a particle size of ~ 150 nm can potentially improve therapeutic activity against tumor cells. These therapeutic agents are released from HSA nanoparticles through the action of metalloproteinases that are overexpressed in tumor cells and by photothermal heating under laser irradiation. This project focused on the synthesis of multifunctional HSA NPS containing paclitaxel and IR 780 (TPB or BETI). In addition, the evaluation of nanoparticle stability, encapsulation efficiency, enzymatic release and photothermal effects of NIR dye were carried out. We found out that our nanoparticles were stable with size applicable to drug delivery and progressive release for collagenase enzyme compared to the nanoparticles without enzyme also there is an increase in temperature rise of the nanoparticles with IR780 dye compared to the one without IR780 dye. This study is important because it helps to develop a less toxic nanoparticle for combinatory therapy that can increase the effectiveness of cancer treatments.M. S
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Crisis leadership and leadership styles:before, during and after
Get PDFAlthough leadership is a well-studied phenomenon, it is yet to be fully understood (Burns, 1996, Harrison, 2018). This perhaps drives the need for further studies into the leadership discourse especially as the phenomenon keeps evolving. Recent events in the world brought about by the outbreak of COVID-19 has put leadership, particularly crisis leadership under the microscope. This study examined what crisis and leadership are independently and further explored crisis leadership as a phenomenon. More interestingly in this paper is the assessment of leadership styles as they pertain to crisis in three phases- before, during and after. The paper and its investigation aim to be developed into a model that will provide an understanding of the phases of crisis and the leadership expectation of each phase
Crisis leadership and leadership styles:before, during and after
Get PDFAlthough leadership is a well-studied phenomenon, it is yet to be fully understood (Burns, 1996, Harrison, 2018). This perhaps drives the need for further studies into the leadership discourse especially as the phenomenon keeps evolving. Recent events in the world brought about by the outbreak of COVID-19 has put leadership, particularly crisis leadership under the microscope. This study examined what crisis and leadership are independently and further explored crisis leadership as a phenomenon. More interestingly in this paper is the assessment of leadership styles as they pertain to crisis in three phases- before, during and after. The paper and its investigation aim to be developed into a model that will provide an understanding of the phases of crisis and the leadership expectation of each phase
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