1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Improving TCP performance over heterogeneous networks : The investigation and design of End to End techniques for improving TCP performance for transmission errors over heterogeneous data networks.
No full textTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) is considered one of the most important protocols
in the Internet. An important mechanism in TCP is the congestion control
mechanism which controls TCP sending rate and makes TCP react to congestion
signals. Nowadays in heterogeneous networks, TCP may work in networks with some
links that have lossy nature (wireless networks for example). TCP treats all packet
loss as if they were due to congestion. Consequently, when used in networks that
have lossy links, TCP reduces sending rate aggressively when there are transmission
(non-congestion) errors in an uncongested network.
One solution to the problem is to discriminate between errors; to deal with congestion
errors by reducing TCP sending rate and use other actions for transmission
errors. In this work we investigate the problem and propose a solution using an
end-to-end error discriminator. The error discriminator will improve the current
congestion window mechanism in TCP and decide when to cut and how much to
cut the congestion window.
We have identified three areas where TCP interacts with drops: congestion window
update mechanism, retransmission mechanism and timeout mechanism. All of
these mechanisms are part of the TCP congestion control mechanism. We propose
changes to each of these mechanisms in order to allow TCP to cope with transmission
errors. We propose a new TCP congestion window action (CWA) for transmission
errors by delaying the window cut decision until TCP receives all duplicate acknowledgments
for a given window of data (packets in flight). This will give TCP a clear
image about the number of drops from this window. The congestion window size is
then reduced only by number of dropped packets. Also, we propose a safety mechanism
to prevent this algorithm from causing congestion to the network by using
an extra congestion window threshold (tthresh) in order to save the safe area where
there are no drops of any kind. The second algorithm is a new retransmission action
to deal with multiple drops from the same window. This multiple drops action
(MDA) will prevent TCP from falling into consecutive timeout events by resending
all dropped packets from the same window. A third algorithm is used to calculate
a new back-off policy for TCP retransmission timeout based on the network¿s available
bandwidth. This new retransmission timeout action (RTA) helps relating the
length of the timeout event with current network conditions, especially with heavy
transmission error rates.
The three algorithms have been combined and incorporated into a delay based
error discriminator. The improvement of the new algorithm is measured along with
the impact on the network in terms of congestion drop rate, end-to-end delay, average
queue size and fairness of sharing the bottleneck bandwidth. The results show that
the proposed error discriminator along with the new actions toward transmission
errors has increased the performance of TCP. At the same time it has reduced the
load on the network compared to existing error discriminators. Also, the proposed
error discriminator has managed to deliver excellent fairness values for sharing the
bottleneck bandwidth.
Finally improvements to the basic error discriminator have been proposed by
using the multiple drops action (MDA) for both transmission and congestion errors.
The results showed improvements in the performance as well as decreases in the
congestion loss rates when compared to a similar error discriminator.Ministry of Higher Education and
King Saud University in Saudi Arabia
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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