421 research outputs found
Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
No full textThe aims of this study were to investigate the intensity, location and duration of patients' discomfort following insertion of orthodontic appliances, and to examine for interactions between patient age, gender, appliance type and the perception of pain. After insertion of orthodontic appliances, 170 patients received eight questionnaires, one they completed and returned after 4 h, then one daily for 7 days. The respondents' ages ranged from 8–53 years (median age 13 years 7 months); 45 per cent were male and 55 per cent female. Of the patients, 65 per cent reported pain after 4 h and 95 per cent after 24 h. After 7 days, 25 per cent of the patients still reported discomfort. Patients' pain intensity scores were significantly higher for the anterior than for the posterior teeth. On day 1, 16 per cent took analgesics and 18 per cent reported being awakened the first night. Comparing a 2 × 4 appliance, a full appliance in one arch and in both arches, no statistical differences were found for reported pain frequency, general intensity of pain, pain at the teeth, discomfort when biting and chewing and analgesic consumption. The perception of general pain intensity, analgesic consumption, pain when eating and the influence of discomfort on daily life were all significantly greater in girls than in boys. Patients younger than 13 years reported pain significantly less frequently than the older patients. The highest frequency of pain was found in the group of 13–16 year olds. The pain intensity did not differ among the age groups
Patients' anticipation of pain and pain-related side effects, and their perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between (i) the pain and its side effects, anticipated by patients before orthodontic therapy, and (ii) the reported pain and its effects after the placement of initial archwires. Before treatment, 50 adolescent patients (median age 13.6 years, range 8.9-39.3 years, 28 female, 22 male) completed a questionnaire concerning their facial and dental appearance, and their expectations regarding pain, its influence on their daily lives, and changes in their facial and dental appearance as a result of orthodontic treatment. In the week following insertion of the initial archwires the patients completed a series of eight questionnaires, where they reported the level of pain experienced and its influence on their daily lives. In the week after archwire insertion, the maximum pain levels reported did not differ statistically from the anticipated pain levels. Patients significantly under-estimated the changes they would have to make in their diet as a response to pain after archwire insertion. Patients who anticipated a greater effect of pain on their leisure activities and those who had a history of frequent headaches reported higher levels of pain and more disruption of their daily lives as a result of pain. This pattern of response is consistent with a medical model where anxious patients and those with a history of chronic pain reported more pain after surgery
The Relationship Between Success of Free Gingival Grafts and Transplant Thickness: Revascularization and Shrinkage—A One Year Clinical Study
No full textDoes the Quality of Industrial Relations Matter for the Macro Economy? A Cross-Country Analysis Using Strikes Data
No full textUsing international data, we investigate whether the quality of industrial relations matters for the macro economy. We measure industrial relations inversely by strikes – which proxy we cross-check with an industrial relations reputation indicator – and our macro performance outcome is the unemployment rate. Independent of the role of other institutions, good industrial relations do seem to matter: greater strike volume is associated with higher unemployment. Holding country effects constant, however, the sign of the variable is reversed. This fixed-effects result likely picks up a direct effect of strikes, namely, their tendency to rise when striking becomes more attractive to the union.strike rate/volume, quality of labor relations, labor market institutions, unemployment
Three Women/Three Margins: Political Engagement and the Art of Claude Cahun, Jeanne Mammen, and Paraskeva Clark
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Are Good Industrial Relations Good for the Economy?
No full textUsing international data, we investigate whether the quality of industrial relations matters for the macro economy. We measure industrial relations inversely by strikes Ð which proxy we cross-check with an industrial relations reputation indicator Ð and our macro performance indicator is the unemployment rate. Independent of the role of other institutions, good industrial relations do seem to matter: greater strike volume is associated with higher unemployment. But these results apply in cross section. Holding country effects constant, the sign of the strikes coefficient is abruptly reversed. Although it does not seem to be the case that the line of causation runs from unemployment to strikes once we control for the endogeneity of strikes, it is also the case that support for the strikes proxy for industrial relations quality is much eroded.strikes, industrial relations quality, unemployment, labor market institutions, cross-country data
Referents of faculty trust and school achievement
No full textResearchers have identified faculty trust as a school level characteristic that has demonstrated a strong, significant influence on achievement even when controlling for SES (Bryk & Schneider, 2002; Goddard, Salloum, & Berebitsky, 2009; Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001; Hoy, 2002). The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationships among SES, prior school achievement, the referents of faculty trust, and school achievement, and to identify whether the referents of faculty trust can positively influence school achievement. Six research questions were developed to examine relationships among SES, prior school achievement, the referents of faculty trust, and school achievement. A hypothesized path model of school achievement was also tested. The unit of analysis for this correlational study was a New Jersey elementary school. Teachers provided data for measures of faculty trust by responding to items on the Omnibus Trust Scale (OTS, Hoy & Tschannen-Moran, 2003). Two archived data sources provided data for a school level measure of SES, four measures of prior school achievement, and four measures of school achievement. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM, Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002) was used to calculate the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and partition the variance within and between sampled schools for each referent of faculty trust. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and path coefficients were computed to identify any evidence of relationships among variables and determine direct and indirect influences of SES, prior school achievement, and faculty trust on school achievement. SES, prior school achievement, and faculty trust in clients were all positively associated with school achievement. Relationships between faculty trust in the principal and faculty trust in colleagues as well as between faculty trust in colleagues and faculty trust in clients were found; however faculty trust in the principal and faculty trust in clients did not demonstrate any connection. Prior school achievement and faculty trust in clients were strong predictors of school achievement. SES indirectly influenced school achievement through faculty trust in clients. The mitigating influence of faculty trust in clients on school achievement and the relationships among the three referents of faculty trust warrant further investigation.Ed. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Joseph R. Massimin
Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
No full textThe aims of this study were to investigate the intensity, location and duration of patients' discomfort following insertion of orthodontic appliances, and to examine for interactions between patient age, gender, appliance type and the perception of pain. After insertion of orthodontic appliances, 170 patients received eight questionnaires, one they completed and returned after 4 h, then one daily for 7 days. The respondents' ages ranged from 8-53 years (median age 13 years 7 months); 45 per cent were male and 55 per cent female. Of the patients, 65 per cent reported pain after 4 h and 95 per cent after 24 h. After 7 days, 25 per cent of the patients still reported discomfort. Patients' pain intensity scores were significantly higher for the anterior than for the posterior teeth. On day 1, 16 per cent took analgesics and 18 per cent reported being awakened the first night. Comparing a 2 × 4 appliance, a full appliance in one arch and in both arches, no statistical differences were found for reported pain frequency, general intensity of pain, pain at the teeth, discomfort when biting and chewing and analgesic consumption. The perception of general pain intensity, analgesic consumption, pain when eating and the influence of discomfort on daily life were all significantly greater in girls than in boys. Patients younger than 13 years reported pain significantly less frequently than the older patients. The highest frequency of pain was found in the group of 13-16 year olds. The pain intensity did not differ among the age group
Exploiting tacit knowledge through knowledge management technologies
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine the contributions and suitability of the available knowledge management (KM) technologies, including the Web 2.0 for exploiting tacit knowledge. It proposes an integrated framework for extracting tacit knowledge in organisations, which includes Web 2.0 technologies, KM tools, organisational learning (OL) and Community of Practice (CoP). It reviews a comprehensive literature covering overview of KM theories, KM technologies and OL and identifies the current state of knowledge relating to tacit knowledge exploitation. The outcomes of the paper indicate that Internet and Web 2.0 technologies have stunning prospects for creating learning communities where tacit knowledge can be extracted from people. The author recommends that organisations should design procedures and embed them in their Web 2.0 collaborative platforms persuading employees to record their ideas and share them with other members. It is also recommended that no idea should be taken for granted in a learning community where tacit knowledge exploitation is pursued. It is envisaged that future research should adopt empirical approach involving Complex Adaptive Model for Tacit Knowledge Exploitation (CAMTaKE) and the Theory of Deferred Action in examining the effectiveness of KM technologies including Web 2.0 tools for tacit knowledge exploitation
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