1,361 research outputs found
Edith Penrose and a learning-based perspective on the MNE and OLI
No full textWe apply insights from Edith Penrose’s work to extant theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE) as enveloped by John Dunning’s Ownership, Location, Internalization (OLI) Paradigm. We suggest that Penrose’s knowledge-based approach has important implications on the nature of, and the interactions between, O, L and I. Importantly, the resource/knowledge-based perspective of Penrose helps endogenize and integrate the three elements of Dunning’s triad in the context of a dynamic, strategic and forward-looking knowledge-based perspective of the MNE.Penrose, Learning, MNE, OLI
Edith Jordan
No full textPhotograph - Edith Jordan, member of the Book Sub-Committee, part of the Town of Athabasca 75th Anniversary Committee, Athabasca, Alberta. The Book Sub Committee produced the book "Athabasca Landing: An Illustrated History
Social critique in scorsese's the age of innocence and madden's ethan frome: filmic adaptations of two novels by Edith Wharton
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e ExpressãoAnálise das obras The Age of Innocence (1920) e Ethan Frome (1911) da escritora americana Edith Wharton, e suas recentes adaptações cinematográficas pelos diretores Martin Scorsese e John Madden, respectivamente. O estudo discute a transposição do tema de crítica social dos romances para os filmes. O ?mise-en-scene? e a narração em ?voice-over?, de ambas as adaptações são analisados considerando sua importância para a elaboração da temática dos romances. A análise indica que enquanto a adaptação de Scorsese transpõe para a tela a textura social de sua fonte através de um ?mise-en-scene? detalhado e de uma enfática narradora em ?voice-over?, a adaptação de Madden insere um tom religioso e moralístico ao filme quando diverge do esquema narratológico de Wharton
G. B. Lancaster (Edith Lyttleton), 1873-1945
No full textEdith Lyttleton, writing under the penname of G. B. Lancaster, was until the 1970s New Zealand’s most successful popular fiction writer. A prolific author of both short stories and novels, she achieved her success by writing colonial adventure stories in defiance of familial and societal expectations. Living in London, she became an established author in the English short-story market and several of her stories were adapted for the movies
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Invasive Plant-Soil Feedbacks and Ecosystem Resistance and Resilience: A Comparison of Three Vegetation Types in California
No full textABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONInvasive Plant-Soil Feedbacks and Ecosystem Resistance and Resilience: A Comparison of Three Vegetation Types in CaliforniaBy Sara Jo DickensDoctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Plant BiologyUniversity of California, Riverside, December 2010Dr Edith B. Allen, ChairpersonEcosystem processes are strongly dependant on plant-soil feedbacks. The invasion of exotic plant species can result in the introduction of novel traits capable of de-coupling native plant-soil feedbacks and leading to altered nutrient cycling and availability and microbial community composition. In general the degree to which an invading species will impact the system it invades is dependant on how much it differs from plant species native to that system. However, there are examples in which invasion of an exotic plant similar to natives has led to significant alterations of ecosystem processes. The objective of this work was to examine the impacts of a single suite of exotic annual plants invading three very different vegetation types in southern California, grasslands, coastal sage scrub and chaparral. I predicted that invasion of exotic annuals would have greater impacts on shrubland systems than grasslands due to the greater disparity in plant traits between the exotic annuals and the shrub species. Comparisons of invasion impacts, however must consider factors other than vegetation type such as soil parent material, pH and soil moisture as mechanisms by which a native system may be more or less resistant to changes associated with invasion and recover following native vegetation re-establishment. In order to examine vegetation type resistance to invasion and soil resilience of these systems, I analyzed soils for total carbon and nitrogen, extractable phosphorus and nitrogen, nitrogen mineralization, soil respiration and microbial community composition using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Long and short-term restorations were sampled concurrently with the invaded and native vegetation types to assess resilience of soils. Regardless of vegetation type nitrate was reduced by invasion, seasonality of sampling was a greater driver of microbial community composition than invasion or restoration and abiotic factors proved to be important to microbial species composition and soil nutrient availability. Individual chemical pools and functional groups of microbes responded differently in each vegetation type. However, the degree to which invading species differed from natives did not predict the level to which invasion would impact the system
Radiocarbon and 13C measurements from Joshua Tree National Park, USA
No full textThese data include radiocarbon and 13C measurements made on surface soil and incubations from samples taken from the Pinto Basin N amendment experiments started by Edith B. Allen and collaborators in Joshua Tree National Park. The site and experiment description can be found in:
Allen, E. B., L. E. Rao, R. J. Steers, A. Bytnerowitcz, and M. E. Fenn. 2009. Impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on vegetation and soils in Joshua Tree National Park. Pages 78–100 in R. H. Webb, L. F. Fenstermaker, J. S. Heaton, D. L. Hughson, E. V. McDonald, and D. M. Miller, editors. The Mojave Desert: Ecosystem processes and sustainability. University of Nevada Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Samples were taken and processed by Nicole M. Nowinski at the WM Keck Carbon Cycle AMS facility at UC Irvine.
An image of the site can be found at this web site:
https://www.nps.gov/articles/parkscience32_2_64-66_bell_allen_3838.htm
The associated ISRaD Template Information File provides the names and descriptions of all fields
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Ecological Assembly Rules and Soil Legacy Effects in the Restoration of an Invaded Plant Community
No full textUnderstanding the composition of ecological communities that arise from potential species pools has implications for community assembly and applications for restoration. Invasive species pose special challenges to restoration by contributing to ecosystem degradation as well as resisting restoration efforts. In the face of such challenges, understanding the complex of mechanisms working together to enable an invasive species to establish and spread may lead to better management strategies and greater restoration success. The overall objective of this dissertation is to understand mechanisms contributing to the success of a Mediterranean annual grass, Bromus diandrus, through the use of both field and greenhouse studies, and to use this understanding to inform restoration of invaded ecosystems. More specifically, I consider three potential mechanisms of invasion: 1) plant functional traits, 2) plant-soil feedback, and 3) soil legacy effects. The results of the studies of this dissertation demonstrate that multiple mechanisms of invasion promote Bromus diandrus success. First, functionally similar native plant communities did not demonstrate biotic resistance to B. diandrus invasion during restoration studies. Rather, earlier germination and larger seed mass of B. diandrus allows this invasive grass to establish even in the presence of morphologically similar native species with greater relative growth rates. Second, positive plant-soil feedback in B. diandrus attributed to the fine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contributes to its overall success. Lastly, strong soil legacies in abandoned agriculture also contribute to B. diandrus invasion and inhibit successful reestablishment of native plants. Root fungal pathogens found in abandoned agricultural fields result in decreased biomass of some native species as well as B. diandrus. A greater understanding of the mechanisms contributing to B diandrus invasion success suggests that restoration attempts should seed with functionally similar natives while manipulating germination cues and utilize facilitated microbial inoculations to reduce Bromus diandrus establishment. However, many mechanisms contribute to the overall success of this invasive species making it competitively superior, and eradication of B. diandrus on a large scale is unlikely
Pierrot's cradle song [music] /
No full textB. 2748 (Publisher number). For voice and piano.; Medium key (c-f) -- Cover.; Caption title.; Pl. no.: B. 2748.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-vn1695152; MUS: N, MUS/E90/57 ; NL, MUSM 142235
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Using Stable Isotopes of Nitrogen and Oxygen as Environmental Indicators of Nitrogen Deposition in the Sonoran Desert
No full textUndisturbed wildland ecosystems are impacted by anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emissions being deposited significant distances from their sources. The main sources of atmospheric N inputs in the United States include industrial and automotive exhaust and emissions from agricultural wastes and fertilizers. Emission sources can be differentiated by analyzing the δ18O and δ15N of emitted compounds. Through a combination of field and laboratory studies, this dissertation aims to identify the various emission sources impacting the western Sonoran Desert and to determine how they are altering plant available nitrogen in the region. The first objective of this research was to measure if fractionation of HNO3 δ18O and δ15N occurs to filters of commonly used ambient HNO3 collectors. These collectors were then placed along a N deposition gradient to measure the isoscapes of HNO3 δ15N and δ18O and extrapolate how each emission source contributes to regional anthropogenic N. Lastly, soil and plant tissue were collected at each site to evaluate whether atmospheric patterns were conserved through the ecosystem. Results suggest that ambient HNO3 does not fractionate isotopically when binding to the passive sampler filters when exposed in a continuous stirred tank reactor. The HNO3 δ18O and δ15N were within 0.5 / of the source HNO3 when exposed to controlled high (20 μg m^-3) and low (10 μg m^-3) concentrations for four weeks. When exposed under field conditions, the samplers verified that anthropogenic nitrogen impacting the Coachella Valley came from two sources based on the changes to HNO3 δ18O and δ15N across the area; vehicle emissions from the Los Angeles air basin and agricultural emissions from around the Salton Sea. There was also a distinct separation in values for sites within Joshua Tree National Park suggesting that the Little San Bernardino Mountains act as effective barrier from air pollution moving in the park. Finally, surface soil NO3- was the most effective indicator of anthropogenic additions; with NO3- concentrations and δ18O linearly tracking atmospheric HNO3 concentrations. The leaf tissue δ15N of the regionally dominant shrub, Larrea tridentata, also decreased at sites with increasing anthropogenic inputs. Both the atmospheric samplers and soil surface N analyses will provide land managers with effective tools to quickly identify regions of high anthropogenic inputs in a desert environment
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Invasion in the Chaparral: Uncovering Soil Microbial and Plant Physiological Mechanisms
No full textGlobal change contributes to drastic shifts in vegetation composition resulting in changes in ecosystem processes across the world. One important example is plant invasion, which often leads to vegetation community type conversion, such as conversion from native shrubland to invasive grassland. Chaparral, California’s most pervasive vegetation type, has recently undergone invasion. The shift from evergreen chaparral shrubs to invasive grassland will have cascading effects on ecosystem services. The overarching goal of this research is to understand water use, root and fungal dynamics of invaded chaparral communities that may inform restoration efforts. My first chapter examines how differences in root development relate to soil-water dynamics between a chaparral shrub and an invasive grass. I explored above- and below-ground strategies in concert of a native chaparral shrub and an invasive grass species in southern California using soil moisture sensors, manual minirhizotron imagery, stable isotopes, sap flux sensors and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). I found that the invasive grass species depleted soil moisture and produced longer roots earlier than the native shrub. Depletion of soil moisture earlier by E. calycina suggests that invasive grasses could accelerate the onset of the summer drought in chaparral systems, assuring their persistence following invasion. My second chapter examines how invasion and nitrogen deposition structure composition of fungal communities. I found that invasive grasses had a lower richness and relative abundance of symbiotic fungi compared to native shrubs. My third chapter explores how invasive-conditioned soils affect the growth of chaparral shrub seedlings and associated fungal communities and I found that native inoculation produced a more diverse fungal symbiont community. Chapter four aims to detect if invasive grass water-use strategies are detrimental to shrub seedling success, and found that invasive removal positively affected the establishment of native shrub seedlings and seedling mortality, which increased alongside invasive cover. Overall, my dissertation demonstrates that competition between invasive and native plants as well as shifts in fungal communities contributes to invasive grass persistence and shows how joining tools and perspectives from diverse fields can provide a holistic look at system responses to change
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