1,721,670 research outputs found
How the digitalisation of everything is making us more lonely
No full textThe UK government recently appointed its first minister of loneliness. The move came in response to increasing concern of a loneliness epidemic sweeping Western society.Psychologists define loneliness as a subjective, unpleasant experience that occurs when the desired level of meaningful social contact is less than what is available. The prevalence of loneliness is increasing and the association between loneliness and ill health is now clear.In the US, loneliness affects one-fifth of the population. In the UK, it is experienced by more than a third of those over the age of 5
Ecology of the intertidal crab Dotilla intermedia from tsunami-impacted beaches in Thailand
Full text linkCrabs of the genus Dotilla are ecologically important members of intertidal sandy shorecommunities. Exposed sandy shores represent one of the main habitat types along the coast of theLaem Son National Park in Thailand, and Dotilla sp. is the dominant macrofaunal species onthese beaches, occurring in immense numbers. Despite their importance as a key member of thefaunal community on these beaches, little is known about the ecology of Dotilla crabs in theLaem Son. Taxonomic investigations identified the Dotilla crabs present on the exposed oceanicbeaches in the Laem Son to be D. intermedia. This represents the first time that D. intermedia hasbeen recorded from Thailand. Dotilla intermedia inhabits a very well defined zone on the sandybeaches, and the factors underlying these zonation patterns were examined. The gradient of thebeach was correlated to the height at which the boundaries of the Dotilla zone occurred, withphysical factors associated with the beach gradient driving the distribution of D. intermedia onthe beach. The upper limit of the Dotilla zone was controlled by the total water content of thesediment, with D. intermedia absent from areas with less than 15% total water content. Tidalinfluences defined the lower boundary of the Dotilla zone, with crabs requiring an area with aminimum exposure time between tidal immersions of 4-5 hours to feed on the sediment. Withinthe Dotilla zone, size segregation was observed; larger crabs occurred higher on the shore, andsmall crabs lower down. The sandy shores of the Laem Son were heavily impacted by thetsunami of 26th December 2004, which effectively destroyed the populations of D. intermedia onthe beaches. However, by April 2005 D. intermedia was present again on the beaches. Atemporal population genetic study was undertaken to investigate the impact of extinction andrecolonisation on the genetic variation of a population. Genetic variation in mtDNA markers wasfound to decrease over time, matching the predictions of mathematical models concerning theeffect of bottlenecking events on genetic diversity within populations. The impact of the tsunamion D. intermedia is discussed further in light of the ecological and molecular data produced inthis thesis
Understanding the networks of those using the internet to support self-management and the role of ties mediated online in supporting long-term condition management. A mixed-methods study
No full textLong-term condition self-management often involves a diverse range of work, including the contribution of strong, weak and less visible ties (Rogers et al, 2014; Vassilev et al, 2013). The increased social reach afforded by the internet calls for an exploration of online support within personal networks of those managing a long-term condition in daily life and this thesis examines the role and contribution of online support within personal networks.Three papers constitute the core of this thesis; the first of these was a qualitative meta-synthesis, which examined the role of illness work online in self-management support with a view to conceptualising the nature of the field. It implicated the relevance of four network processes feeding into self-management in online communities: (1) collective knowledge and identification through lived experience; (2) support, information, and engagement through readily available gifting relationships; (3) sociability that extends beyond illness; and (4) online disinhibition as a facilitator in the negotiation of online relationships.The second paper, a secondary analysis of the social network survey data of 300 participants, described the individual and network characteristics of the personal communities of people using the internet and the role of offline support, network resources and community participation in using the internet for condition management. This study found that participants using the internet for condition management also received more offline emotional work than those who did not. No associations were found between using the internet for health and other types of offline support.The third paper, reports on data from qualitative interviews with 30 participants which included ego network mapping as a heuristic device to frame conversations about who was turned to for assistance. The study aimed to understand the role of ties mediated online within an overall personal configuration of illness related support. The findings show that those using the internet to support management were able to extend their network in response to unmet offline needs, leverage offline support with online support, or substitute offline support with online ties.This thesis purports to make an original contribution to the research literature through A) showing the network processes and engagement shaping online contact and use of resources for condition management and through B) revealing the ability of those able to draw on the internet for condition management to overcome offline support deficits, leverage and avoid existing support through combining on and offline networks, resources and worlds
Super-resolution electron ptychography of low dimensional materials at 30keV beyond the detector limit : 4DSTEM data
No full text4DSTEM data set acquired with a MerlinEM - medipix 3 detecor at 30keV on a JEOL ARM300CF. In the hdf5 file the data can be found under the keys: Experiments\__unnamed__\data. All experimental parameters can be found in the publication: CS Allen et al, "Super-resolution electron ptychography of low dimensional materials at 30keV beyond the detector limit.", Applied Physics Letters. 202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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