2,175 research outputs found
Nós/outras e Galiza para Annette Meakin
Get PDFThis paper analyses the book Galicia inédita. Diario de viaxe de An nette Meakin, a translation into Galician of the original work published in English in 1909 by Annette Meakin, Galicia the Switzerland of Spain, an ethnographic monograph written by an English woman for the English public and a pioneer of anthropology in Europe. The work and the author provide an opportunity to learn about the logics underlying the ethnographic travelogues on Galicia for the Euro pean public from the 19th to the 20th century, and the socio-cultural values inter twined in the processes of colonisation in its race towards imperialism. The aim is to analyse the research logics employed by the author to uncover the identity of Galicia, its differential values, and the Galician identity in its women and men, without losing sight of the presence or absence of criticism of the gender system, the politics of sexuality, and definitions of class and ethnicity.Neste artigo analízase o libro Galicia inédita. Diario de viaxe de Annette Meakin, unha tradución ao galego da obra orixinal publicada en inglés en 1909 por Annette Meakin, Galicia the Switzerland of Spain, unha monografía etnográfica, realizada por unha muller inglesa para público inglés e pioneira da antropoloxía en Europa. Obra e autora brindan a oportunidade de coñecer algo máis das lóxicas subxacentes ás etnografías de viaxe sobre Galiza destinadas ao público europeo no paso do século xix ao xx, e dos valores socioculturais imbricados nos procesos de colonización no seu debagar cara aos imperialismos. O obxectivo é analizar as ló xicas de investigación empregadas pola autora para dar a coñecer a identidade de Galiza, os seus valores diferenciais e a galeguidade nas súas mulleres e homes, sen perder de vista a presenza ou ausencia de crítica ao sistema dos sexos, a política sexual e as definicións de clases e etnicidade
The effects of fiscal consolidation in the OECD
Get PDFDespite the current recession in many parts of the OECD, fiscal consolidation is likely in many OECD economies in the 1990s. The author asks: is fiscal consolidation in the OECD in a period of low growth a recipe for global stagnation? In particular, what effects are likely in developing countries? The author starts with an overview of cuts in the U.S. fiscal deficit proposed by the Clinton administration and the extent to which European governments must cut fiscal deficits between now and 1997 to satisfy deficit targets in the Maastricht Treaty. How changes in fiscal policy are transmitted within an economy and between that economy and the rest of the world depends on whether those changes lead to permanent or temporary changes in government saving; whether they are implemented through government spending or taxes; and whether the taxes fall on households or firms. The main channels of transmission are through changes in: agents'expectations about future taxes, interest rates, exchange rates, and economic activity. The author uses the MSG2 multicountry models to quantify the ramifications of those changes. He concludes, among other things, that fiscal contraction in the OECD will probably lead to slower growth over the next several years. But the current and likely paths of fiscal policy are such that deficit reduction programs may have stimulating effect in the short run, as long as future fiscal contraction is credible. And fiscal deficit reduction will probably increase long-run output in the OECD through its effects on savings and investment. Finally, growth in the developing countries (at least total growth) may not be impaired at all by fiscal consolidationin the OECD. The negative effects of fiscal contraction will occur through lower net exports of non-OECD economies. For developing countries with open capital markets, the initial reduction in demand through lower exports can be offset by the reduction in interest rates following an inflow of capital from the countries with contracting fiscal policy. A significant decline in real global interest rates is likely to increase growth in developing countries that are debt-constrained, either directly (through private capital inflows) or indirectly (by relaxing the balance of payments constraint, allowing more resources to be channeled to domestic investment needs).Economic Theory&Research,Economic Stabilization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Macroeconomic Management
Post-war British working-class fiction with special reference to the novels of John Braine, Alan Sillitoe, Stan Barstow, David Storey and Barry Hines
Get PDFThis study is about British working-class fiction in the post-war period.
It covers various authors such as Robert Tressell, George Orwell, Walter Greenwood, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and DH Lawrence from the early twentieth century; writers traditionally classified as 'Angry Young Men' like John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, Shelagh Delaney, John Wain and
Kingsley Amis; and working-class novelists like John Braine, Stan Barstow, David Storey, Alan Sillitoe and Barry Hines from the 1950s and 1960s.
Some of the main issues dealt with in the course of this study are language, form, community, self/identity/autobiography, sexuality and relationship with bourgeois art. The major argument centres on two questions: representation of working-class life, and the
relationship between working-class literary tradition and dominant ideologies.
We will be arguing that while working-class fiction succeeded in challenging and rupturing bourgeois literary tradition, on the level of language and linguistic medium of expression for example, it utterly failed to break away from dominant, bourgeois modes of literary production in relation to form, for instance.
Our argument is situated within Marxist approaches to literature, a political and aesthetic position from which we attempt an analysis and an evaluation of this working-class literary tradition. These critical approaches provide us also with the theoretical tool to define the political perspective of this tradition, and to judge whether it was confined to a descriptive mode of representation or
located in a radical, political outlook
Quality change and other influences on measures of export prices of manufactured goods
Get PDFMeasures of long-term trends in world export prices for manufactured goods, and in the terms of trade between manufactured goods and primary products, are sensitive to many choices in methods for weighting indexes, base periods, and (most important) changes in quality. For example: 1) wieghting products by their importance in exports to developing countries, rather than by their importance in exports to all countries, reduces the estimated rate of increase in prices for manufactured goods by about 0.1 or 0.2 percentage points a year; 2) a shift in weights from those of an early year (1963) to those of a recent year (1986) reduces the rate of increase in prices by about a third of a percentage point a year; 3) export price indexes with weights of Japanese exports grow about 0.2 to 0.4 percentage points a year less than one weighted by the U.S. export composition, with the larger difference for indexes based on 1963 weights; 4) adjusting the price index for exports of machinery and transport equipment for quality changes not accounted for in the price indexes reduces the rate of increase for those products by about one percentage point a year, and that adjustment for only those products reduces the estimated rate of increase in prices for all manufactures by about half a percentage point a year. Conservative estimates of the bias in the most commonly used measure of export prices of manufactured products - the U.N. export unit value index for manufactures - suggest that this measure overstates the long-run rise in prices for manufactured goods by more than half a percentage point a year, probably one percentage point or more. If so, there has been no long-term trend toward the prices of manufactured goods rising faster that prices for primary products. However, no conceivable estimate of bias in measures of prices for manufactured goods would reverse the picture of declining relative prices for primary products in the 1980s.Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT
FTAA: What's in It for the South?
Get PDFNot everyone in the Americas thinks that negotiating an FTAA is desirable. Some argue that the timing of the negotiations is being set by the agenda of the developed countries, particularly the US, and not that of the rest of the region. Others say that negotiating tariff reductions will do little to increase exports. The argument is that non-tariff barriers to trade must be part of the package, or the whole idea is a waste of time. These are just some of the opinions coming from the South. Interestingly, a number of these ideas are coming from Brazil, the hemisphere's most populous country after the US, and clearly a leader in the region. Presidential elections in Brazil took place in the fall of 2002 just prior to an FTAA Ministerial in Quito. In the lead up to the election, the FTAA positions of the opposition candidates, including the eventual winner, were much more protectionist than that of the outgoing government. If the protectionism carries through to official government policy, then the FTAA process will be much more difficult. However, this might just have been electoral talk. This paper will attempt to sort out truth from rhetoric.Brazil, non-tariff barriers, FTAA, South, International Relations/Trade,
Sleep quality and respiratory function in children with severe cerebral palsy using night-time postural equipment: a pilot study
No full textBackground: night-time postural equipment (NTPE) prevents contractures and hip subluxation in children with severe physical disabilities. However, impact on sleep quality and respiratory function has not been objectively studied.Methods: ten children with severe cerebral palsy (CP), mean age of 10.9 (range: 5.3–16.7) years, were recruited from a community population. Polysomnography was undertaken on two nights, once with the child sleeping in their NTPE and once sleeping unsupported. Randomization to first night condition controlled for first night effects.Results: night-time postural equipment use was associated with higher mean overnight oxygen saturation for three children but lower values for six children compared with sleeping unsupported. There were no differences in sleep quality between the conditions. The study group had lower overnight oxyhaemoglobin saturation values, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and higher arousal indices compared with typically developing children.Conclusion: this pilot study indicated that children with severe CP risk respiratory compromise in sleep irrespective of positioning. Further study will determine if the observed trend for mean overnight oxygen saturation to be lower within positioning equipment reflects random night-to-night variation or is related to equipment use. We suggest that respiratory function is assessed when determining optimal positioning for children using night-time positioning equipmen
PARTE DA SOCIEDADE OU SOCIEDADE À PARTE? REPRESENTAÇÃO DE JUDEUS NA NOVELA DIE JUDENBUCHE (1842) DE ANNETTE VON DROSTE-HÜLSHOFF
No full textEste artigo analisa Die Judenbuche, uma novela de Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, publicada em 1842. O texto, compreendido pela autora como uma representação de costumes e moralidades de uma sociedade, retrata também personagens judaicos. Neste artigo, analiso a forma como os judeus são representados: como parte da sociedade ou como uma sociedade à parte.This paper analyses Die Judenbuche, a novella by Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, published in 1842. The text, understood by the author to be a representation of costumes and morals of a society, also portraits some Jewish characters. In this paper, I analyse the way in which the Jews are represented: as part of society or as its outsiders.
Female madness in Wide sargasso sea : analysing the stories of Annette and Antoinette
Get PDFO objetivo da presente monografia é analisar as circunstâncias que desencadeiam a loucura de duas personagens femininas, Antoinette e Annette, do romance Wide Sargasso Sea, publicado em 1966, da autora dominicana Jean Rhys. A história se passa durante o século XIX na Jamaica e na Dominica, que ficam nas antigas colônias inglesas conhecidas como as Índias Ocidentais. A tensão que subjaz ao enredo do romance demonstra os conflitos envolvendo os proprietários de terras ingleses, as mulheres crioulas (assim eram chamadas as pessoas de descendência europeia nascidas nas colônias) e os negros recém-libertados pela abolição da escravatura. Antoinette e Annette são escolhidas para se casarem com homens ingleses, e seus respectivos casamentos são elementos decisivos que as impulsionam à loucura. Baseio minha análise na relação entre os papéis da mulher e a questão da loucura feminina durante aquela época. Como aporte teórico para as questões referentes à loucura feminina nos contextos das colônias inglesas e da Inglaterra durante a era Vitoriana, utilizo os textos de Elisabet Raskel Sigurðardóttir (2013), Elaine Showalter (1987) e Gayatri Spivak (1985). Minha intenção é refletir acerca de algumas das circunstâncias que culminam no confinamento dessas mulheres. São analisadas quatro cenas do romance que são centrais para o deterioramento mental das personagens — duas delas são focadas em Antoinette e duas em Annette. Para cada personagem, trago uma cena que as represente no momento em que são declaradas mentalmente instáveis, e outra que se passa após estarem por isso confinadas. O trabalho está estruturado em duas seções. Na primeira, apresento uma contextualização da discussão a ser trazida, com informações sobre a obra, a autora, o cenário (lugar) e o conceito de loucura adotado. Já na segunda, exponho minhas análises das quatro cenas selecionadas. Pretendo, com esta monografia, contribuir para os estudos sobre Jean Rhys e sobre este romance.This monograph aims to analyse the circumstances that trigger the madness of two female characters, Antoinette and Annette, in the 1966 novel Wide Sargasso Sea, written by the Dominican author Jean Rhys. The story is set in the nineteenth century, in Jamaica and Dominica, in the former English colonies known as The West Indies. The tension underlying the plot of the novel betrays conflicts involving the English landowners, their Creole wives and the recently freed black local community. Antoinette and Annette are chosen to marry English gentlemen, and their respective marriages become the decisive elements that push them into madness. My analysis is based on the relationship between female roles and female madness during that period. As theoretical support to issues concerning female madness in the contexts of England and the English Colonies during the Victorian Era, I rely on texts by Elisabet Raskel Sigurðardóttir (2013), Elaine Showalter (1987) and Gayatri Spivak (1985). My intention is to consider some of the circumstances that lead to these women’s eventual confinement. Four scenes in the novel are analysed — two focused on Antoinette, and two on Annette — which are pivotal to the characters’ mental deterioration. For each character, I consider one scene that represents them around the time they are considered to be mentally unstable, and one scene after they have been confined. The work is structured in two sections. In the first, I present the contextualization of the discussion to be carried out, with information about the work, the author, the place, and the concept of madness adopted. In the second, I offer my analysis of the four selected scenes. This monograph is meant as my contribution to the studies about Jean Rhys and about this novel
The death of William Golding: authorship and creativity in darkness visible and the paper men
Get PDFIn the seventies and eighties William Golding was deeply responsive to the critical, anti-authorial ethos that followed the publication of Roland Barthes's "La mort de I'auteur" (1968). In Darkness Visible (1979) and The Paper Men (1984) he investigates means by which to reaffirm authorial presence. Working through paradox, he performs the authorial death in these novels, and establishes language’s inadequacy as a means of conveying absolute meaning, authorial "vision," truth or revelation. Having done so he nonetheless gestures towards the divine, towards the possibility of a vatic communication. In this manner the novels work upon principles of contradiction and collapse. What remains is a discourse of hope, promise, desire, without means of substantiating such optimism. Thus Golding might be said to have practiced a form of negative theology, and to have anticipated in this respect some recent trends in literary theory
Annette Karmiloff-Smith (1938-2016): Precursora de uma psicologia interdisciplinar do desenvolvimento
Get PDFOn the occasion of the death of Annette Karmiloff-Smith, this article presents a review of the work and research career of this author, with special emphasis on her contributions to contemporary developmental psychology, neuropsychology and cognitive science. The central elements of her theoretical proposal and the main evidence that give empirical support to her perspective on typical and atypical cognitive development are presented. Additionally, the impact of her ideas on current discussions in psychology and cognitive science is traced, and some lines of work that the author herself proposed for future research are explained. In general, Karmiloff-Smith\u27s work is relevant in current research in psychology due to the specific but common lines of research she addressed between psychology, neuroscience and genetics, posing a collaborative and methodological background between these areas that will continue to offer evidence on the factors that characterize the variability of human neurocognitive development.Con motivo del fallecimiento de Annette Karmiloff-Smith, en este artículo se presenta una revisión de la obra y trayectoria investigativa de esta autora, haciendo especial énfasis en sus aportes a la psicología del desarrollo, la neuropsicología y la ciencia cognitiva contemporáneas. Se presentan los elementos centrales de su propuesta teórica y las principales evidencias que dan sustento empírico a su perspectiva sobre el desarrollo cognitivo típico y atípico. Adicionalmente, se rastrea el impacto de sus ideas en las discusiones actuales en psicología y ciencia cognitiva, y se explican algunas líneas de trabajo que la autora misma planteó para la investigación futura. En general, la obra de Karmiloff- Smith resulta relevante en la investigación actual en psicología debido a las líneas de investigación específicas pero comunes que abordó entre la psicología, neurociencia y genética, planteando un antecedente colaborativo y metodológico entre estas áreas que seguirá ofreciendo evidencias sobre los factores que caracterizan la variabilidad del desarrollo neurocognitivo humano. Por ocasião da morte de Annette Karmiloff-Smith, este artigo apresenta uma revisão da trajetória, trabalho e pesquisa desta autora, com ênfase especial em suas contribuições para a psicologia do desenvolvimento, neuropsicologia e ciência cognitiva contemporânea. São apresentados os elementos centrais de sua proposta teórica e as principais evidências que dão suporte empírico à sua perspectiva sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo típico e atípico. Além disso, é traçado o impacto de suas ideias nasdiscussões atuais em psicologia e ciência cognitiva, e são explicadas algumas linhas de trabalho que aprópria autora propôs para pesquisas futuras. Em geral, o trabalho de Karmiloff-Smith é relevante naspesquisas atuais em psicologia devido às linhas de pesquisa específicas, mas comuns, que ela abordou entre psicologia, neurociência e genética, apresentando um fundo colaborativo e metodológico entre essas áreas que continuarão a oferecer evidências sobre os fatores que caracterizam a variabilidade do desenvolvimento neurocognitivo human
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