1,721,152 research outputs found
Exploring the role of mobility and personality for healthy aging
Full text linkBoth mobility and personality are key determinants of healthy aging. However, these two constructs have barely been explored in combination, although mobility and personality effects on healthy aging are expected to not be independent from another. This chapter aims at combining both perspectives and setting a foundation to foster future research, jointly investigating personality and mobility effects on healthy aging. Therefore, the chapter suggests to decompose mobility in the two components motility (i.e., the movement potential) and movement (i.e., the actual manifested mobility). This decomposition allows to draw parallels to the commonly used distinction between personality traits and states. While motility and personality traits refer to the temporally stable underlying dispositions of an individual, movement and personality states conceptualize the day-by-day manifestation of the respective construct. Drawing upon the parallels regarding the distinct levels of analysis in both domains, a conceptual model is proposed that links the individual components with healthy aging. The individual links are discussed using relevant empirical research and theories and hypothesizing potential causal pathways between mobility, personality and healthy aging
Promoting Cognitive, Physical, and Social Activities for Healthy Aging by Targeting Personality
No full textThis chapter introduces a conceptual framework that aims to explain how and why engaging in cognitive, physical, and social activities is related to short-term healthy aging outcomes. The Activities in Motion and in Action (AMA) framework consists of five components (engagement, outcomes, mechanisms, moderators and intervention) and five paths through which the components may influence each other. The framework depicts an overview of the mechanisms that underlie cognitive, physical, and social activities’ successful short-term effects and the features that render these activities optimally effective. The centerpiece of the framework are personality-informed interventions, which are suggested to promote the engagement in cognitive, physical and social activities of older adults (i.e., “be in motion and take action”). The AMA framework proposes three intervention factors (action/practice, learning/insight, and self-regulation) as potential heuristic principles leading to positive healthy aging outcomes. In sum, this framework has great potential to inform theory development of healthy aging, as it is essential to a better understanding of predictors, mechanisms, and moderators that potentially shape short-term dynamic processes of healthy aging
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Age and gender differences in motivational manifestations of the Big Five from age 16 to 60
No full textThe present cross-sectional study investigated age and gender differences in motivational manifestations of the Big Five in a large German-speaking Internet sample (N = 19,022). Participants ranging in age from 16 to 60 years completed the Five Individual Reaction Norms Inventory (FIRNI; Denissen & Penke, 2008a), and two traditional Big Five measures. Age differences were found suggesting that mean levels of neuroticism and extraversion are negatively associated with age, whereas agreeableness and conscientiousness are positively associated. Openness to experience demonstrated a curvilinear association with age, with the highest mean levels in midlife. Gender differences were found suggesting that women, on average, have higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness, while men are more open to experience. Neither the main effect of gender nor Age × Gender interactions were significant in the case of conscientiousness. In comparison to the 2 traditional Big Five measures, age differences in the motivational manifestations of the Big Five as assessed by the FIRNI were more pronounced, which might be explained by the greater developmental plasticity of flexible motivational processes or the intraindividual phrasing of the items of the FIRNI, compared to the kinds of behavioral descriptions that are emphasized in traditional Big Five items. The further study of such motivational processes might contribute to a better understanding of personality development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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